2833 22 00 — Sulphates; alums; peroxosulphates (persulphates): other sulphates: of aluminium

2833 Sulfates; alum; peroxosulphates (persulphates): - sodium sulfates: 2833 11 - - disodium sulfate 2833 19 - - other sulfates: 2833 21 - - magnesium 2833 22 - aluminum 2833 24 - - - nickel 2833 25 - copper 2833 27 - barium 2833 29 - other 2833 30 - alum 2833 40 - peroxosulphates (persulphates)

(A) SULFATES Subject to the exceptions specified in the general provisions of this subclass, this heading includes salts of sulphuric acid (H 2SO4) (heading 2807), but excludes mercury sulphates which fall in heading 2852, ammonium sulphate which even in its pure form falls in heading 3102 or 3105, and potassium sulphate which, either in its pure form or with impurities, falls in heading 3104 or 3105. (1) Sodium sulfates include: (a) disodium sulfate (neutral sulfate) (Na 2SO4). It exists in anhydrous or hydrated state in the form of powder or large transparent crystals that weather out in air and dissolve in water with lower temperatures. Decahydrate (Na 2SO4·10H2O) is known as glauber salt. Unrefined forms of sodium sulphate (90 to 99% purity), usually obtained as by-products in various production processes, are often called "sodium sulphate" and are included in this heading. Dinatrium sulfate is used in dyeing

as an auxiliary tool; as a flux in the glass industry for the preparation of glassy mixtures (production of bottle glass, crystal, optical glass), when tanning to preserve the skin, in the manufacture of paper (manufacturing some types of cellulose), as a binder in the textile industry, as a laxative in medicine, etc. Natural sodium sulfates (glauberite, paledite, reussin, astrachanite) are excluded (heading 2530); (b) sodium hydrogen sulfate (acid sulfate) (NaHSO 4). This salt remaining in the production of nitric acid exists in the form of a blurring molten white mass. Used instead of sulfuric acid, especially for metal etching, rubber regeneration, in the metallurgical production of antimony or tantalum and as a herbicide; (c) disulphate disulphate (sodium pyrosulfate) (Na2S2O7). (2) Magnesium sulfate. This heading covers artificial magnesium sulphate (MgSO 4·7H2O) (epsomite, Seidlitz salts) obtained by purification of kizerite or by action of sulfuric acid on dolomite. Colorless crystals, slightly weathered in air, soluble in water. It is used as a filler in the textile industry, during tanning, for the preparation of flame retardants from benches and as a laxative. This heading does not cover natural magnesium sulfate (kiserite) (heading 2530). (3) Aluminum sulfate (Al2(SO4)3). They are obtained by processing bauxite and natural aluminosilicates with sulfuric acid; in the form of impurities, iron compounds can be mainly. In the hydrated state (with 18 water molecules), it is a white crystal, soluble in water, easily crumbled and easily scratched by the nail, or hard and brittle depending on the concentration of the mogo solution used. When heated calmly, it dissolves in its crystallization water, and the result is anhydrous sulfate. It is used as an herb for dyeing; in tanning to preserve the skin and in alum tanning; in the production of paper as a binder for cellulose; in the dyeing industry for the production of varnishes, methylene blue or other thiazine dyes. It is also used for lightening fat, industrial waters, fire extinguishers, etc. Basic aluminum sulphate used in dyeing is also included in this heading. (4) Chromium sulfates. The most well-known is trivalent chromium sulfate (Cr2(SO4)3), which is produced by the interaction of chromium nitrate and sulfuric acid. Crystalline powder, aqueous solution of purple and whether green. It is used as an herb when dyeing (chrome etching) or when tanning (chrome tanning). The main products used for chromium tanning are rather unstable solutions of basic chromium sulfates obtained from chromium trivalent or divalent chromium sulfates (CrSO4). These sulphates are classified in this heading. (5) Nickel sulfates. The most common are the sulfates of the general formula NiSO4. Anhydrous product is yellow crystals, and hydrated - emerald crystals with 7 water molecules or - bluish crystals with 6 water molecules; dissolves in water. It is used for nickelization, as an etching during dyeing, in the manufacture of gas masks and as a catalyst. (6) Copper sulfates:

(a) Cuprous sulphate (Cu2SO4). A catalyst used in the preparation of synthetic ethanol; (b) Cupric sulphate (CuSO4·5H2O). A by-product of the electrolytic refining of copper; also obtained by treating copper waste or scrap with dilute sulphuric acid. Blue crystals or crystalline powder, soluble in water. On calcination it turns into the white anhydrous sulphate, which strongly absorbs moisture. Used as a fungicide in agriculture (see the Explanatory Note to heading 3808); for the preparation of spray mixtures; for the preparation of cuprous oxide or inorganic copper colours; in dyeing (for dyeing silk and wool black, purple or violet); for the electrolytic refining of copper or the electrodeposition of copper; as a flotation agent (to restore the natural floatability of ores); as an antiseptic, etc. Natural hydrated copper sulphate (brochantite) is excluded (heading 2603). (7) Zinc sulphate (ZnSO4·7H2O). Obtained by the action of dilute sulphuric acid on zinc metal, zinc oxide, zinc carbonate or roasted zinc blende. A white vitreous mass or needle-shaped crystals. Used to reduce the natural floatability of ores in flotation processes; as a mordant in dyeing; for the electrodeposition of zinc; as an antiseptic; for the preservation of wood; in the manufacture of driers, lithopone (heading 3206), luminophores (zinc sulphate activated with copper) (heading 3206) and various other zinc compounds. (8) Barium sulphate. This heading covers artificial or precipitated barium sulphate (BaSO4), obtained by precipitation from a solution of barium chloride with sulphuric acid or an alkali metal sulphate. It is either a white powder, very heavy (specific gravity about 4.4) and insoluble in water, or a thick paste. Used as a white pigment, as a filler in the textile industry and in the manufacture of rubber, coated paper, paperboard, putty, lacquers, paints, etc. It is opaque to X-rays and is therefore used (in the pure state) in radiography. Natural barium sulphate (barytes, heavy spar) is excluded (heading 2511). (9) Iron sulphates: (a) Ferrous sulphate (FeSO4). Obtained by treating iron turnings with dilute sulphuric acid or as a by-product in the manufacture of titanium dioxide; often contains impurities such as copper sulphate, ferric sulphate and arsenic. Readily soluble in water; exists mainly in the hydrated state (usually with 7 molecules of water) as pale green crystals which turn brown in air; on heating it turns into the white anhydrous sulphate. Green aqueous solutions turn brown when kept in air. Used in the manufacture of printing inks, writing inks, Indian inks (brown colours), dyes (Prussian blue) and a mixture (with slaked lime and sawdust) for purifying coal gas; in dyeing; as a disinfectant, an antiseptic and a herbicide; (b) Ferric sulphate (Fe2(SO4)3). Obtained from ferrous sulphate. A powder or brown platelets. Readily soluble in water, it forms a white hydrate (with 9 molecules of water). Used for purifying natural waters or sewage, for coagulating blood in slaughterhouses, in iron tanning, as a fungicide. It is used as a flotation agent because it reduces

buoyancy of ores, as a herb during dyeing and for electrolytic production of copper or zinc. (10) Cobalt sulfate (CoSO4·7H2O). It is obtained from bivalent cobalt oxide and sulfuric acid; red crystals soluble in water. It is used for electrodeposition of cobalt, as a dye for ceramics, as a catalyst and for the production of precipitated cobalt resins (dehumidifiers). (11) Strontium sulfate: Artificial strontium sulfate (SrSO 4) deposited from a chloride solution is a white powder moderately soluble in water. It is used in pyrotechnics, in the production of ceramics and for the production of various strontium salts. Natural strontium sulfate (celestin) is excluded (heading 2530). (12) Cadmium sulfate (CdSO4). Colorless water-soluble crystals, in anhydrous or hydrated state (with 8 water molecules). It is used to obtain cadmium yellow (cadmium sulfide) or other coloring substances and medicines of Inca preparations; in standard elements (Elements of Weston); for electrolytic coatings and dyeing. (13) Lead sulfates: (a) artificial lead sulfate (PbSO4). Received from nitrate or lead acetate by precipitation of sulfuric acid; white powder or cr estalla, in water do not dissolve. Used to produce lead salts; (b) basic lead sulfate. It is obtained in the form of grayish powder by joint heating of lead oxide, sodium chloride and sulfuric acid. It can be obtained by metallurgical process in the form of white powder. It is used in the production of pigments, mastics and mixtures used in the production of rubber. Natural lead sulfate (Anglesite) is excluded (heading 2607). (B) Alums are hydrated double sulfates containing trivalent metal sulfate (aluminum, chromium, manganese, iron or indium) and monovalent metal sulfate (alkali metal sulfate or ammonium). They are used for dyeing, as antiseptics, in obtaining chemicals, although there is a tendency to replace them with simple sulfates. (1) Aluminum alum: (a) potassium aluminium sulfate (ordinary or potassium alum) (Al 2(SO4)3·K2SO4·24H2O). Received from natural aluminium (aluminium stone) (heading 2530), that is, from the basic sulfate of aluminium caluminum mixed with aluminum hydroxide. It is also obtained from two sulfate components. A white solid crystalline substance soluble in water. When calcined, it forms a light white powder, anhydrous and crystalline (calcified alum). It is used for the same purposes as aluminum sulfate, in particular in the production of varnishes, dyeing and tanning (alum tanning). Also used in photography, toiletries, etc.; (b) ammonium aluminum sulfate (ammonium alum) (Al 2(SO4)3·(NH4)2SO4·24H2O). Colorless crystals soluble in water, especially in hot. Used to obtain pure aluminum oxide and in medicine;

(c) Sodium aluminum sulfate (sodium alum) (Al2(SO4)3·Na2SO4·24H2O). It is similar to potassium alum; it is weathering crystals that are soluble in water. It is used as a stain when dyeing. (2) Chromium alum: (a) chromium (III) potassium sulfate (chromium alum) (Cr 2(SO4)3·K2SO4·24H2O). It is obtained by restoring a solution of potassium dichromate in sulfuric acid dioxide m sulfur. It forms purple-red crystals, soluble in water and weathered in air. Used as an herb during dyeing, in tanning (chrome tanning), in photography, etc.; (b) ammonium chromium (III) sulfate (chromo-ammonium alum). Crystalline blue powder, used in tanning and ceramics. (3) Iron alum. Ammonium sulphate iron (III) ((NH 4)2SO4·Fe2(SO4)3·24H2O) is a purple crystal that undergoes dehydration and acquires a white color in air; iron (III) potassium sulphate also exists in the form of purple crystals. Both products are used in dyeing. (C) Peroxosulphates (Persulphates) This name applies to salts of peroxosulphuric acids of heading 2811. They are quite stable in dry with stagnation, but in an aqueous solution when heated decompose. Strong oxidants. (1) Diammonium peroxodisulphate ((NH4)2S2O8). They are obtained by electrolysis of concentrated solutions of ammonium sulfate and sulfuric acid; colorless crystals soluble in water decompose under the action of moisture and when heated. Used in photography; in the textile industry for bleaching or dyeing; to obtain soluble starches; to obtain other peroxodisulphates and for certain types of electrolytic baths; in organic synthesis, etc. (2) disodium peroxodisulphate (Na2S2O8). Colorless crystals, well soluble in water. Used as a disinfectant, for bleaching, as a depolarizer (in batteries) and for engraving copper alloys. (3) Dicalium peroxodisulphate (K2S2O8). Colorless crystals, well soluble in water. It is used for bleaching, in the production of soap, in photography, as an antiseptic, etc. Natural calcium sulphates (gypsum, anhydrite, carstenite) are not included in this heading (heading 2520).

Notes

English text as published in Annex I to Regulation (EU) 2021/1832 (Combined Nomenclature). The EAEU tariff and the EU nomenclature copy these notes from the same convention. For a Russian declaration the binding version is the Russian one: Annex to Decision No 80 of the EEC Council of 14 September 2021.

1. Except where the context otherwise requires, the headings of this chapter apply only to:

(a) separate chemical elements and separate chemically defined compounds, whether or not containing impurities;

(b) the products mentioned in (a) above dissolved in water;

(c) the products mentioned in (a) above dissolved in other solvents provided that the solution constitutes a normal and necessary method of putting up these products adopted solely for reasons of safety or for transport and that the solvent does not render the product particularly suitable for specific use rather than for general use;

(d) the products mentioned in (a), (b) or (c) above with an added stabiliser (including an anti-caking agent) necessary for their preservation or transport;

(e) the products mentioned in (a), (b), (c) or (d) above with an added anti-dusting agent or a colouring substance added to facilitate their identification or for safety reasons, provided that the additions do not render the product particularly suitable for specific use rather than for general use.

2. In addition to dithionites and sulphoxylates, stabilised with organic substances (heading 2831), carbonates and peroxocarbonates of inorganic bases (heading 2836), cyanides, cyanide oxides and complex cyanides of inorganic bases (heading 2837), fulminates, cyanates and thiocyanates, of inorganic bases (heading 2842), organic products included in headings 2843 to 2846 and 2852 and carbides (heading 2849), only the following compounds of carbon are to be classified in this chapter:

(a) oxides of carbon, hydrogen cyanide and fulminic, isocyanic, thiocyanic and other simple or complex cyanogen acids (heading 2811);

(b) halide oxides of carbon (heading 2812);

(c) carbon disulphide (heading 2813);

(d) thiocarbonates, selenocarbonates, tellurocarbonates, selenocyanates, tellurocyanates, tetrathiocyanatodiamminochromates (reineckates) and other complex cyanates, of inorganic bases (heading 2842);

(e) hydrogen peroxide, solidified with urea (heading 2847), carbon oxysulphide, thiocarbonyl halides, cyanogen, cyanogen halides and cyanamide and its metal derivatives (heading 2853) other than calcium cyanamide, whether or not pure (Chapter 31).

3. Subject to the provisions of note 1 to Section VI, this chapter does not cover:

(a) sodium chloride or magnesium oxide, whether or not pure, or other products of Section V;

(b) organo-inorganic compounds other than those mentioned in note 2 above;

(c) products mentioned in note 2, 3, 4 or 5 to Chapter 31;

(d) inorganic products of a kind used as luminophores, of heading 3206; glass frit and other glass in the form of powder, granules or flakes, of heading 3207;

(e) artificial graphite (heading 3801); products put up as charges for fire-extinguishers or put up in fire-extinguishing grenades, of heading 3813; ink removers put up in packings for retail sale, of heading 3824; cultured crystals (other than optical elements) weighing not less than 2,5 g each, of the halides of the alkali or alkaline-earth metals, of heading 3824;

(f) precious or semi-precious stones (natural, synthetic or reconstructed) or dust or powder of such stones (headings 7102 to 7105), or precious metals or precious-metal alloys of Chapter 71;

(g) the metals, whether or not pure, metal alloys or cermets, including sintered metal carbides (metal carbides sintered with a metal), of Section XV; or

(h) optical elements, for example, of the halides of the alkali or alkaline-earth metals (heading 9001).

4. Chemically defined complex acids consisting of a non-metal acid of sub-chapter II and a metal acid of sub-chapter IV are to be classified in heading 2811.

5. Headings 2826 to 2842 apply only to metal or ammonium salts or peroxysalts. Except where the context otherwise requires, double or complex salts are to be classified in heading 2842.

6. Heading 2844 applies only to:

(a) technetium (atomic No 43), promethium (atomic No 61), polonium (atomic No 84) and all elements with an atomic number greater than 84;

(b) natural or artificial radioactive isotopes (including those of the precious metals or of the base metals of Sections XIV and XV), whether or not mixed together;

(c) compounds, inorganic or organic, of these elements or isotopes, whether or not chemically defined, whether or not mixed together;

(d) alloys, dispersions (including cermets), ceramic products and mixtures containing these elements or isotopes or inorganic or organic compounds thereof and having a specific radioactivity exceeding 74 Bq/g (0,002 μCi/g);

(e) spent (irradiated) fuel elements (cartridges) of nuclear reactors;

(f) radioactive residues whether or not usable. The term ‘isotopes’, for the purposes of this note and of the wording of headings 2844 and 2845, refers to: — individual nuclides, excluding, however, those existing in nature in the monoisotopic state, — mixtures of isotopes of one and the same element, enriched in one or several of the said isotopes, that is, elements of which the natural isotopic composition has been artificially modified.

7. Heading 2853 includes copper phosphide (phosphor copper) containing more than 15 % by weight of phosphorus.

8. Chemical elements (for example, silicon and selenium) doped for use in electronics are to be classified in this chapter, provided that they are in forms unworked as drawn, or in the form of cylinders or rods. When cut in the form of discs, wafers or similar forms, they fall in heading 3818.

Subheading note

Machine translation. The original is the Russian text of the EAEU tariff, and customs goes by it; this translation is for understanding only and has no legal force.

1. В субпозиции 2852 10 термин «определенного химического состава» означает все органические или неорганические соединения ртути, удовлетворяющие требованиям примечаний 1 (а) – 1 (д) к группе 28 и примечаний 1 (а) – 1 (з) к группе 29.

Additional note

Machine translation. The original is the Russian text of the EAEU tariff, and customs goes by it; this translation is for understanding only and has no legal force.

1. Unless otherwise specified, the salts referred to in the subheadings include acid salts and basic salts.