2841 69 — Manganites, manganates and permanganates (excl. potassium permanganate)

2841 Salts of oxometallic or peroxometallic acids: 2841 30 – sodium dichromate 2841 50 – other chromates and dichromates; peroxochromates – manganites, manganates and permanganates: 2841 61 – – potassium permanganate 2841 69 – – other 2841 70 – molybdates 2841 80 – tungstates 2841 90 – other

This heading covers salts of oxometallic and peroxometallic acids (corresponding to the acid metal oxides, i.e., anhydrides). The main groups of compounds covered by this heading are: (1) Aluminates. Derivatives of aluminium hydroxide: (a) Sodium aluminate. Obtained by treating bauxite with a solution of sodium hydroxide. It is produced as a white powder soluble in water, as aqueous solutions or as a paste. Used as a mordant in dyeing (alkaline mordant); in the manufacture of lakes; as a binding agent in paper-making; as a filler for soap; for hardening plaster; in the manufacture of opaque glass; for purifying industrial waters, etc.; (b) Potassium aluminate. Obtained by dissolving bauxite in potassium hydroxide; a white microcrystalline mass, hygroscopic, soluble in water. Used for the same purposes as sodium aluminate; (c) Calcium aluminate. Obtained by fusing bauxite and calcium oxide in an electric furnace. A white powder, insoluble in water. Used in dyeing (mordant), for purifying industrial waters (ion exchanger); in paper-making (binding agent); in the manufacture of glass, soap, special cements, polishing preparations and other aluminates; (d) Chromium aluminate. Obtained by heating a mixture of aluminium oxide, calcium fluoride and ammonium dichromate. Used as a colour for ceramics; (e) Cobalt aluminate. Obtained from sodium aluminate and a cobalt salt. Alone or mixed with aluminium oxide, it is a constituent of cobalt blue (Thenard's blue). Used in the preparation of blue colours (with zinc aluminate), azure blue, smalt blue, Saxon blue, Sevres blue, etc.;

(f) Zinc aluminate. White powder, used for the same purposes as sodium aluminum; (g) barium aluminum. It is obtained from bauxite, barite and coal; white or brown mass. Used for purification of industrial waters and as a means of preventing the formation of scale; (h) lead aluminate. It is obtained by heating a mixture of lead and aluminum oxides. A solid refractory product is used as a white pigment and for the manufacture of refractory bricks and gaskets. This heading does not cover natural alum inat beryllium (chrysoberyl) (heading 2530, 7103 or 7105 as the case may be). (2) Chromates. Neutral or acidic chromates (dichromates), three -, tetra - and perchromates are obtained from various chromic acids, in particular from normal acids H2CrO4 or from dichromic acid H2Cr2O7, not isolated in pure form. The main of these mainly toxic salts are: (a) zinc chromate. Treatment of zinc salts with potassium dichromate yields hydrated or basic zinc chromate. Powder not made in water. It is used as a pigment, being in its pure form or in a mixture an integral part of zinc yellow. In a mixture with Berlin azure, blue forms zinc greens; (b) lead chromates. Neutral artificial lead chromate is obtained when the action of lead acetate on sodium dichromate. Yellow, sometimes orange or red powder depending on the method of preparation. In its pure form or in a mixture is an integral part of chromium yellow, used in the manufacture of enamels, ceramics, paints or varnishes, etc. Basic chromate, in pure form or in a mixture, is an integral part of chromium red or Persian red; (c) sodium chromates. Sodium chromate (Na 2CrO4·10H2O) is obtained in the production of chromium by firing natural iron-chromium oxide (chromite), mixed with coal and sodium carbonate. Large yellow floating crystals, well soluble in water. It is used for dyeing (poisoning); in tanning; for the manufacture of printing paints, inks, carcasses, pigments or other chromates or dichromates. In a mixture with sulfide, antimony is used to produce powders for photo flashes. Sodium dichromate (Na2Cr2O7·2H2O) is obtained from sodium chromate, forms blurring red crystals soluble in water. When heated, it turns into anhydrous and less blurred dichromate (i.e., molten or cast chromate), often containing small amounts of sodium sulfate. Used in tanning (chrome tanning); dyeing (grass and oxidizer); as an oxidant in organic synthesis; in photography; in printing; in pyrotechnics; for cleaning or discoloration of fats; for the manufacture of dichromate batteries and to obtain dichromate gelatin (which under the action of light turns into products insoluble in hot water); in flotation processes (to reduce buoyancy); for oil purification; as an antiseptic; (d) potassium chromates. Potassium chromate (K 2CrO4), yellow potassium chromate is obtained from chromite. Yellow crystals, soluble in water and toxic. Potassium dichromate (K 2Cr2O7) (red chromate of potassium) is also obtained from chromite. Orange crystals, soluble in water and very toxic. Dichromate pairs and

dust has a harmful effect on the nasal bone and cartilage; the solution infects scratches. The chromate and potassium dichromate are used similarly to sodium chromate and dichromate; (e) ammonium chromates. Ammonium chromate ((NH 4)2CrO4) is obtained by saturating the solution of chromium trioxide with ammonia. Yellow crystals soluble in water. It is used in photography and dyeing. Ammonium dichromate ((NH4)2Cr2O7) is obtained from natural iron-chromium oxide (chromite); red crystals soluble in water. Used in photography; in dyeing (poisoning); in tanning; for cleaning fats or oils; in organic synthesis, etc.; (f) calcium chromate (CaSrO4·2H2O). It is obtained from sodium and chalk dich romat; when heated, it loses water and turns yellow. Used in the manufacture of yellow paints, such as "yellow ultramarine", the name is also applied to the calcium chromate itself; (g) manganese chromate. Neutral chromate (Mn CrO4). It is obtained from the oxide of divalent manganese and chromium anhydride. Brownish crystals soluble in water. It is used as a stain when dyeing. Basic chromate is a brown powder that is not soluble in water. Used for the preparation of watercolors; (h) iron chromates. Trivalent iron chromate (Fe 2(CrO4)3) is obtained from solutions of trivalent iron chloride and potassium chromate, is a yellow powder that is not soluble in water. There is also a basic iron chromate, which in its pure form or in a mixture is used to produce yellow paints. In combination with Berlin azure, green paints are obtained that mimic zinc greens. Also used in metallurgy; (ij) strontium chromate (SrCrO4). Calcium chromate is similar; in its pure form or in a mixture, it is an integral part of strontium yellow. Used in the manufacture of artistic paints for painting; (k) barium chromate (VaSrO4). It turns out when precipitating solutions of barium chloride and sodium chromate; bright-yellow powder, insoluble in water and poisonous. In its pure form or in a mixture, it is an integral part of barium yellow, which, like the product obtained from calcium chromate, is sometimes called “yellow ultramarine”. It is used in the manufacture of paints for painting, for obtaining enamels and glass; for making matches and as an etch during dyeing. This heading does not cover: (a) natural lead chromate (crocoite) (heading 2530); (b) chromate-based pigments (heading 3206). (3) Manganates, permanganates. These salts correspond to manganese acid (H2MnO4) (not isolated in pure form), permanganese acid (HMnO4) (exists only in aqueous solutions): (a) manganates. Sodium manganate (Na 2MnO4). It is obtained by melting a mixture of natural manganese dioxide (heading 2602 – pyrolusite) and sodium hydroxide; green

Crystals soluble in cold water decompose in hot water; used in the metallurgical production of gold. Potassium manganate (K2MnO4) is a small greenish-black crystal. It is used to produce permanganate. Barium manganate (VAM nO4) is obtained by heating manganese dioxide in a mixture with barium nitrate. Emerald green powder. In a mixture with sulfate, barium is an integral part of manganese blue. Used in the manufacture of paints for painting; (b) permanganates. Sodium permanganate (NaMnO 4·3H2O) is obtained from manganate; blurring reddish-black crystals soluble in water. It is used as a disinfectant, in organic synthesis and for whitening wool. Potassium permanganate (CM nO4) is obtained from manganate, or oxidation of a mixture of manganese dioxide with potassium hydroxide. Purple crystals with a metallic luster, soluble in water, color the skin; also exists in the form of purple pine-red aqueous solution or in tablets. A strong oxidizer is used in chemistry as a reagent, in organic synthesis (to produce saccharin); in metallurgy (refining nickel); for bleaching fatty substances, rubber, silk yarn or fabric, silt and straw; for water purification; as an antiseptic; as a dye (for wool, wood and as a component of hair dyes); is also used in gas masks; in medicine. Calcium permanganate (Ca(MnO4)2·5H2O) is obtained by electrolysis of solutions of alkali metal manganates and calcium chloride; forms dark purple crystals soluble in water. Oxidizer and disinfectant, used in dyeing, in organic synthesis, for water purification, for whitening paper pulp. (4) Molybdates. Molybdates, paramolybdates and polymolybdates (di-, tri-, tetra-) are obtained from normal molybdenic acid (H2MoO4) or from other molybdenic acids. In some respects, they are similar to chromates. The main ones are: (a) ammonium molybdate. It turns out with metallurgical production of molybdenum. Hydrated crystals have a weak greenish or yellowish tint and decompose when heated. Used as a chemical reagent, in the production of pigments or fire-resistant materials, in the glass industry, etc.; (b) sodium molybdate. Hydrated crystals, shiny, water soluble. Used as a reagent, in the production of pigments and in medicine; (c) calcium molybdate. White powder, insoluble in water; used in metallurgy; (d) lead molybdate. Artificial lead molybdate deposited with lead chromate forms red chromium pigments. Natural lead molybdate (wolfenite) is excluded (heading 2613). (5) Wolframates. Tungsten, paratungstenates and pertungstenates are obtained from normal tungsten acid (H2WO4) and other tungsten acids. The main ones are: (a) ammonium tungramate. It is obtained by processing a solution of tungstenic acid with ammonia; white crystalline hydrated powder soluble in water;

used for fireproofing textile materials and for the preparation of other tungstates; (b) Sodium tungstate. Obtained in the metallurgy of tungsten, from wolframite (heading 2611) and sodium carbonate; white hydrated plates or crystals with a pearly lustre, soluble in water. Used for the same purposes as ammonium tungstate; used as a mordant in textile printing, for the preparation of lakes and catalysts and in organic synthesis; (c) Calcium tungstate. White lustrous flakes, insoluble in water; used in the manufacture of X-ray screens or fluorescent tubes; (d) Barium tungstate. A white powder used, alone or mixed, in artists' colours known as tungsten white or tungstate white; (e) Other tungstates. These include tungstates of potassium (for fireproofing textile materials), of magnesium (for X-ray screens), of chromium (green pigment) or of lead (pigment). The heading excludes: (a) natural calcium tungstate (scheelite), an ore (heading 2611); (b) natural tungstates of manganese (huebnerite) or of iron (ferberite) (heading 2611); (c) luminescent tungstates (e.g., of calcium or magnesium), regarded as inorganic luminophores (heading 3206). (6) Titanates (ortho-, meta- and peroxotitanates, neutral or acid) are derived from the various titanic acids and hydroxides based on titanium dioxide (TiO2). Barium and lead titanates are white powders used as pigments. The heading excludes natural iron titanate (ilmenite) (heading 2614) and inorganic fluorotitanates (heading 2826). (7) Vanadates (ortho-, meta-, pyro-, hypovanadates, neutral or acid) are derived from the various vanadic acids, themselves obtained from vanadium pentoxide (V2O5) or from other vanadium oxides: (a) Ammonium vanadate (metavanadate) (NH4VO3). A yellowish-white crystalline powder, moderately soluble in cold water, readily soluble in hot water giving a yellow solution. Used as a catalyst; as a mordant in dyeing or printing textile materials; as a drier for paints or varnishes; as a colouring matter for faience, in the manufacture of inks or printing inks, etc.; (b) Sodium vanadates (ortho- and meta-). Hydrated white crystalline powders, soluble in water. Used in aniline black dyeing and in printing. (8) Ferrates and ferrites. Ferrates and ferrites are derived from the hydroxides of trivalent iron (Fe(OH)3) and of divalent iron (Fe(OH)2), respectively. Potassium ferrate is a black powder which dissolves in water giving a red liquid. The name "ferrates" is wrongly applied to simple mixtures of iron oxides and other metal oxides which are constituents of ceramic colours and fall in heading 3207. The heading excludes iron ferrite, which is magnetic iron oxide (Fe3O4) (heading 2601), and mill scale (heading 2619).

(9) Zincates. Compounds derived from amphoteric zinc hydroxide (Zn(OH)2): (a) sodium zincate. It is obtained by the action of sodium carbonate on zinc oxide or sodium hydroxide on zinc. Used to produce zinc sulfide used in paints; (b) iron zinc. Used as a paint for ceramics; (c) cobalt zincate, in its pure form or in a mixture with cobalt oxide or with other salts, is a constituent of cobalt green or Rinman greens; (d) barium zincate. It is obtained by precipitation from an aqueous solution of barium hydroxide with an ammonia solution of zinc sulfate; a white powder soluble in water. It is used to obtain zinc sulfide, used for the manufacture of paints. (10) Stannats (ortho- and meta-). Obtained from tin acids: (a) sodium stannate (Na2SnO3·3H2O). It is obtained by melting a mixture of tin, hydroxide, chloride and sodium nitrate; a solid mass or pieces of irregular shape, soluble in water, white or colored depending on the number of impurities (sodium salts or iron). It is used as an herb in the dyeing or printing of textile materials; in the glass or ceramic industry; to separate lead from arsenic; as a binder based on tin for silk and in organic synthesis; (b) aluminum stannate. It is obtained by heating a mixture of tin sulfate and aluminum sulfate; white powder. Used as a muffler in the manufacture of enamels or ceramics; (c) chromium stannate, the main component of pink paints for ceramics or for painting. Used as a tin-based binder for silk; (d) cobalt stannate. In its pure form or in a mixture is a component of the sky-blue pigment used to make paints; (e) copper stannate, in its pure form or in a mixture, known as "tin greens". (11) Antimonates. Salts of various acids corresponding to antimony oxide (Sb 2O5); to some extent similar to arsenates: (a) sodium metaantimonate (leukonine). It is obtained from sodium hydroxide and antimony pentaoxide; white crystalline powder, moderately soluble in water. Used as a muffler in the manufacture of enamels or glass; used in the manufacture of sodium thioantimonate (Schlippe salt) (heading 2842); (b) potassium antimonates. The most important is potassium hydrogen antimonate, obtained by calcination of metal mixed with potassium nitrate; white crystalline powder. Used in medicine (as a laxative) and as a pigment for ceramics; (c) lead antimonate. Received by alloying antimony pentaoxide with lead meerka; yellow powder, insoluble in water. Pure or mixed with lead chloride oxide, it is Neapolitan yellow (antimony yellow), a pigment for ceramics, glass or paint for painting. Antimonides are excluded (heading 2853). (12) Plumbates. Received from amphoteric lead dioxide (PbO2). Sodium plumbate is used as a coloring substance. Plumbates of calcium (yellow), strontium (chestnut), or barium (black) are used in matchmaking and pyrotechnics.

(13) Other salts of oxometallic acids or peroxometallic acids thereof. These include: (a) tantalates and niobates; (b) germanates; (c) renates and perrenates; (d) zircons; (e) bismuthates. However, this heading does not cover compounds of: (a) precious metals (heading 2843); (b) radioactive chemical elements or radioactive isotopes (heading 2844); (c) yttrium, scandium or rare earth metals (heading 2846); (d) mercury (heading 2852). Complex fluorine salts such as fluorotitanates are classified in heading 2826.

Notes

English text as published in Annex I to Regulation (EU) 2021/1832 (Combined Nomenclature). The EAEU tariff and the EU nomenclature copy these notes from the same convention. For a Russian declaration the binding version is the Russian one: Annex to Decision No 80 of the EEC Council of 14 September 2021.

1. Except where the context otherwise requires, the headings of this chapter apply only to:

(a) separate chemical elements and separate chemically defined compounds, whether or not containing impurities;

(b) the products mentioned in (a) above dissolved in water;

(c) the products mentioned in (a) above dissolved in other solvents provided that the solution constitutes a normal and necessary method of putting up these products adopted solely for reasons of safety or for transport and that the solvent does not render the product particularly suitable for specific use rather than for general use;

(d) the products mentioned in (a), (b) or (c) above with an added stabiliser (including an anti-caking agent) necessary for their preservation or transport;

(e) the products mentioned in (a), (b), (c) or (d) above with an added anti-dusting agent or a colouring substance added to facilitate their identification or for safety reasons, provided that the additions do not render the product particularly suitable for specific use rather than for general use.

2. In addition to dithionites and sulphoxylates, stabilised with organic substances (heading 2831), carbonates and peroxocarbonates of inorganic bases (heading 2836), cyanides, cyanide oxides and complex cyanides of inorganic bases (heading 2837), fulminates, cyanates and thiocyanates, of inorganic bases (heading 2842), organic products included in headings 2843 to 2846 and 2852 and carbides (heading 2849), only the following compounds of carbon are to be classified in this chapter:

(a) oxides of carbon, hydrogen cyanide and fulminic, isocyanic, thiocyanic and other simple or complex cyanogen acids (heading 2811);

(b) halide oxides of carbon (heading 2812);

(c) carbon disulphide (heading 2813);

(d) thiocarbonates, selenocarbonates, tellurocarbonates, selenocyanates, tellurocyanates, tetrathiocyanatodiamminochromates (reineckates) and other complex cyanates, of inorganic bases (heading 2842);

(e) hydrogen peroxide, solidified with urea (heading 2847), carbon oxysulphide, thiocarbonyl halides, cyanogen, cyanogen halides and cyanamide and its metal derivatives (heading 2853) other than calcium cyanamide, whether or not pure (Chapter 31).

3. Subject to the provisions of note 1 to Section VI, this chapter does not cover:

(a) sodium chloride or magnesium oxide, whether or not pure, or other products of Section V;

(b) organo-inorganic compounds other than those mentioned in note 2 above;

(c) products mentioned in note 2, 3, 4 or 5 to Chapter 31;

(d) inorganic products of a kind used as luminophores, of heading 3206; glass frit and other glass in the form of powder, granules or flakes, of heading 3207;

(e) artificial graphite (heading 3801); products put up as charges for fire-extinguishers or put up in fire-extinguishing grenades, of heading 3813; ink removers put up in packings for retail sale, of heading 3824; cultured crystals (other than optical elements) weighing not less than 2,5 g each, of the halides of the alkali or alkaline-earth metals, of heading 3824;

(f) precious or semi-precious stones (natural, synthetic or reconstructed) or dust or powder of such stones (headings 7102 to 7105), or precious metals or precious-metal alloys of Chapter 71;

(g) the metals, whether or not pure, metal alloys or cermets, including sintered metal carbides (metal carbides sintered with a metal), of Section XV; or

(h) optical elements, for example, of the halides of the alkali or alkaline-earth metals (heading 9001).

4. Chemically defined complex acids consisting of a non-metal acid of sub-chapter II and a metal acid of sub-chapter IV are to be classified in heading 2811.

5. Headings 2826 to 2842 apply only to metal or ammonium salts or peroxysalts. Except where the context otherwise requires, double or complex salts are to be classified in heading 2842.

6. Heading 2844 applies only to:

(a) technetium (atomic No 43), promethium (atomic No 61), polonium (atomic No 84) and all elements with an atomic number greater than 84;

(b) natural or artificial radioactive isotopes (including those of the precious metals or of the base metals of Sections XIV and XV), whether or not mixed together;

(c) compounds, inorganic or organic, of these elements or isotopes, whether or not chemically defined, whether or not mixed together;

(d) alloys, dispersions (including cermets), ceramic products and mixtures containing these elements or isotopes or inorganic or organic compounds thereof and having a specific radioactivity exceeding 74 Bq/g (0,002 μCi/g);

(e) spent (irradiated) fuel elements (cartridges) of nuclear reactors;

(f) radioactive residues whether or not usable. The term ‘isotopes’, for the purposes of this note and of the wording of headings 2844 and 2845, refers to: — individual nuclides, excluding, however, those existing in nature in the monoisotopic state, — mixtures of isotopes of one and the same element, enriched in one or several of the said isotopes, that is, elements of which the natural isotopic composition has been artificially modified.

7. Heading 2853 includes copper phosphide (phosphor copper) containing more than 15 % by weight of phosphorus.

8. Chemical elements (for example, silicon and selenium) doped for use in electronics are to be classified in this chapter, provided that they are in forms unworked as drawn, or in the form of cylinders or rods. When cut in the form of discs, wafers or similar forms, they fall in heading 3818.

Subheading note

Machine translation. The original is the Russian text of the EAEU tariff, and customs goes by it; this translation is for understanding only and has no legal force.

1. В субпозиции 2852 10 термин «определенного химического состава» означает все органические или неорганические соединения ртути, удовлетворяющие требованиям примечаний 1 (а) – 1 (д) к группе 28 и примечаний 1 (а) – 1 (з) к группе 29.

Additional note

Machine translation. The original is the Russian text of the EAEU tariff, and customs goes by it; this translation is for understanding only and has no legal force.

1. Unless otherwise specified, the salts referred to in the subheadings include acid salts and basic salts.