2844 50 00 — Radioactive chemical elements and radioactive isotopes (including the fissile or fertile chemical elements and isotopes) and their compounds; mixtures and residues containing these products: spent (irradiated) fuel elements (fuel rods) of nuclear reactors

2844 Chemical radioactive elements and radioactive isotopes (including fissile or reproducible chemical elements and isotopes) and their compounds; mixtures and residues containing these products:

2844 10 – natural uranium and its compounds; alloys, dispersions (including cermets), ceramic products and mixtures containing natural uranium or natural uranium compounds 2844 20 – uranium enriched in uranium-235 and its compounds; plutonium and its compounds; alloys, dispersions (including cermets), ceramic products and mixtures containing uranium enriched in uranium-235, plutonium or compounds of these products 2844 30 – uranium depleted in uranium-235 and its compounds; thorium and its compounds; alloys, dispersions (including cermets), ceramic products and mixtures containing uranium depleted in uranium-235, thorium or compounds of these products 2844 40 – radioactive elements, isotopes and compounds other than those of subheading 2844 10, 2844 20 or 2844 30; alloys, dispersions (including cermets), ceramic products and mixtures containing these elements, isotopes or compounds; radioactive residues 2844 50 – spent (irradiated) fuel elements (cartridges) of nuclear reactors

The nuclei of an element, defined by its atomic number, always contain the same number of protons, but they have a different number of neutrons and therefore have a different mass (different mass number). Nuclides that differ only in mass numbers and not in atomic number are called isotopes of an element. For example, there are several nuclides with the same atomic number 92, which are called uranium, but their mass numbers vary from 227 d to 240; they are denoted, for example, as uranium -233, uranium-235, uranium-238, and the like. Similarly, hydrogen-1, hydrogen-2 or deuterium (category 2845) and hydrogen-3 or tritium are isotopes of hydrogen. An important factor in the chemical behavior of an element is the magnitude of the positive charge of the nucleus (the number of protons); it determines the number of orbital electrons that significantly affect chemical properties. Therefore, different isotopes of an element whose nuclei have the same electric charge but different masses will have the same chemical properties, but their physical properties will vary from one isotope to another. Chemical elements consist of either a single nuclide (monoisotope elements) or a mixture of two or more isotopes in known immutable ratios. For example, natural chlorine in the free and bound state always consists of a mixture of 75.4% chlorine -35 and 24.6% chlorine-37 (which gives an atomic weight of 35,457). If the element consists of a mixture of isotopes, its constituent parts can be separated, for example, by diffusion through porous columns, electromagnetic separation or fractional electrolysis. Isotopes can also be produced by bombarding a natural element with neutrons or charged particles with high kinetic energy. In accordance with note 6 to this chapter and headings 2844 and 2845, the term "isotopes" means not only isotopes in their pure state, but also chemical elements whose natural isotopic composition is artificially modified by the enrichment of the elements by certain isotopes (this is the same as the depletion of the elements by some other isotopes) or the conversion of some isotopes into other artificial isotopes during nuclear reactions. For example, chlorine with an atomic mass of 35.30 obtained by enrichment

The element isotope chlorine a-35 to the content of the last 85% (and therefore depletion of the isotope chlorine-37 to its content of 15%), is considered practically as an isotope. It should be noted that elements which are in nature only in the monoisotopic state, for example, beryllium-9, fluorine-19, aluminum-27, phosphorus-31, manganese-55, etc., are not to be regarded as isotopes and are to be classified in the free or bound state according to this state in the more specific headings relating to chemical elements or their compounds. However, radioactive isotopes of these elements obtained artificially (for example, Be-10, F-18, Al-29, P-32, Mn-54) should be considered as isotopes. Some artificially produced chemical elements (usually with an atomic number above 92 or transuranium elements) do not have a fixed isotopic composition, but this composition varies according to the method of obtaining such an element. In these cases, it is not possible to distinguish between a chemical element and its otopam according to note 6. This heading covers only those isotopes which have the property of radioactivity (described below), and stable isotopes, however, are classified in heading 2845. Some nuclides having unstable nuclei, whether in a free state or as compounds, emit complex radiation producing chemical or physical effects, such as: (1) ionization of gases; (2) fluorescence; (3) darkening of photographic plates. These effects make it possible to detect such radiation and measure its intensity using, for example, Geiger-Müller counters, proportional counters, ionization chambers, Wilson cameras, bubble counters, scintillation counters, and sensitive films or plates. This is the phenomenon of radioactivity; chemical elements, isotopes, compounds and in general substances that detect spontaneous radiation are called radioactive. (iii) Radioactive chemical elements, radioactive isotopes and their compounds; mixtures and residues containing these products (a) Radioactive elements. This heading covers the radioactive chemical elements referred to in note 6 (a) to this chapter, namely, technetium, promethium, polonium and all elements of a higher atomic number, such as astatine, radon, francium, radium, actinium, thorium, protactinium, uranium, neptunium, plutonium, americium, curium, berklium, californium, einsteinium, fermium, mendelevium, nobelium and Lawrenceium. These elements are usually composed of several isotopes, all of which are radioactive.

However, there are elements consisting of a mixture of stable and radioactive isotopes, such as potassium, rubidium, samarium and lutetium (heading 2805), which, because the radioactive isotopes have a low level of radioactivity and form a relatively small percentage of the mixture, may be regarded as practically stable and are thus not covered by this heading. However, the same elements (potassium, rubidium, samarium, lutetium), when enriched in radioactive isotopes (K-40, Rb-87, Sm-147, Lu-176, respectively), are to be regarded as radioactive isotopes of this heading. (B) Radioactive isotopes. To the natural radioactive isotopes already mentioned, potassium-40, rubidium-87, samarium-147 and lutetium-176, may be added uranium-235 and uranium-238, which are dealt with in more detail in Part IV below, and certain isotopes of thallium, lead, bismuth, polonium, radium, actinium or thorium, which are often known by names differing from those of the corresponding elements. These names are related rather to the name of the element from which they were derived by radioactive transformation. Thus, bismuth-210 is called radium E, polonium-212 is called thorium C' and actinium-228 is called mesothorium II. Chemical elements which are normally stable may nevertheless become radioactive after bombardment by particles emerging from a particle accelerator (cyclotron, synchrotron) and having a very high kinetic energy (protons, deuterons), or after absorption of neutrons in a nuclear reactor. Elements transformed in this way are called artificial radioactive isotopes. Some 500 of these are known today, of which about 200 are already used for practical purposes. Apart from uranium-233 and the plutonium isotopes, which are dealt with below, the most important are the following: hydrogen-3 (tritium), carbon-14, sodium-24, phosphorus-32, sulphur-35, potassium-42, calcium-45, chromium-51, iron-59, cobalt-60, krypton-85, strontium-90, yttrium-90, palladium-109, iodine-131 and -132, xenon-133, caesium-137, thulium-170, iridium-192, gold-198 and polonium-210. Radioactive chemical elements and radioactive isotopes spontaneously change into more stable elements or isotopes. The time required for the quantity of a given radioactive isotope to fall to half its initial value is called the half-life or rate of transformation of that isotope. This time varies from fractions of a second for certain short-lived radioactive isotopes (0.3x10^-6 for thorium C') to billions of years (1.5x10^11 years for samarium-147) and constitutes a convenient basic criterion of the statistical instability of the nuclei concerned. Radioactive chemical elements and isotopes fall in this heading even when mixed with other radioactive compounds or with non-radioactive materials (e.g., with spent irradiated targets and radioactive raw materials), provided that the specific radioactivity of the product exceeds 74 Bq/g (0.002 µCi/g). (C) Radioactive compounds; mixtures and residues containing radioactive substances. The radioactive chemical elements and isotopes of this heading are often used in the form of compounds or of products which are "labelled" (i.e., contain molecules with one or more radioactive atoms). Such compounds also fall in this heading, even when dissolved, dispersed,

naturally or artificially mixed with other radioactive or non-radioactive materials. These elements and isotopes also fall in this heading when in the form of alloys, dispersions or cermets. Inorganic or organic compounds obtained chemically or otherwise from radioactive chemical elements or radioactive isotopes, and their solutions, fall in this heading even if the specific radioactivity of these compounds or solutions is less than 74 Bq/g (0.002 µCi/g); alloys, dispersions (including cermets), ceramic products and mixtures containing radioactive substances (elements, isotopes or compounds thereof) fall in this heading if their specific radioactivity exceeds 74 Bq/g (0.002 µCi/g). Radioactive elements and isotopes, which are very rarely used in the free state, are employed in industry in the form of chemical compounds or alloys. Apart from the compounds of fissile and fertile chemical elements and isotopes, which, in view of their characteristics and importance, will be dealt with below in Part IV, the most important radioactive compounds are the following: (1) Radium salts (chloride, bromide, sulphate, etc.), used as a source of radiation for the treatment of cancer or for certain physical experiments. (2) Compounds of the radioactive isotopes mentioned above in Part III (B). Artificial radioactive isotopes and their compounds are used: (a) in industry, e.g., for the radiography of metals, for measuring the thickness of metal sheets, plates, etc.; for measuring the level of liquids in tanks inaccessible to other methods; for accelerating vulcanisation; for initiating the polymerisation or graft copolymerisation of certain organic compounds; for the manufacture of luminescent paints (mixed, e.g., with zinc sulphide); for watch dials, instruments, etc.; (b) in medicine, e.g., for the diagnosis or treatment of certain diseases (cobalt-60, iodine-131, gold-198, phosphorus-32, etc.); (c) in agriculture, e.g., for sterilising agricultural products, for preventing seeds from sprouting, for studying the use of fertilisers or their absorption by plants, for producing genetic mutations with a view to breeding improvement, etc. (cobalt-60, caesium-137, phosphorus-32, etc.); (d) in biology, e.g., for studying the functioning or development of certain animals or plants (tritium, carbon-14, sodium-24, phosphorus-32, sulphur-35, potassium-42, calcium-45, iron-59, strontium-90, iodine-131, etc.); (e) in physical or chemical research. Radioactive isotopes and their compounds are usually supplied in the form of powders, solutions, threads, needles or foil. They are contained in glass ampoules, in hollow platinum capillaries, in stainless steel tubes, etc., placed in an outer metal container (usually of lead) impervious to radiation, the thickness of which is chosen according to the degree of radioactivity of the isotope. Under certain international agreements the containers must bear a special label giving information on the isotopes contained in them and on their degree of radioactivity. Mixtures may include certain neutron sources formed by combining (in a mixture, alloy, compound, etc.) a radioactive element or isotope (radium, radon,

antimony-124, americium-241, etc.) with another element (beryllium, fluorine, etc.) so as to give a (γ, n) or (α, n) reaction (introduction of a γ-photon or an α-particle, respectively, and emission of a neutron). However, all assembled neutron sources ready for insertion in a nuclear reactor to initiate the fission chain reaction are to be regarded as parts of reactors and must therefore be classified in heading 8401. Microspherical particles of nuclear fuel, coated with layers of carbon or silicon carbide and intended for incorporation into spherical or prismatic fuel elements, fall in this heading. This heading also covers products used as luminophores which contain small quantities of radioactive substances added to make them self-luminescent, provided that the total specific radioactivity of the product exceeds 74 Bq/g (0.002 µCi/g). The most important radioactive residues, from the point of view of reuse, are the following: (1) Irradiated or tritiated heavy water: after remaining for varying lengths of time in a reactor, part of the deuterium in heavy water is converted by neutron absorption into tritium, and the heavy water thus becomes radioactive. (2) Spent (irradiated) fuel elements (cartridges), usually of a very high level of radioactivity, used mainly for the recovery of the fissile or fertile materials contained in them (see Part IV below). (IV) FISSILE AND FERTILE CHEMICAL ELEMENTS AND ISOTOPES AND THEIR COMPOUNDS; MIXTURES AND RESIDUES CONTAINING THESE PRODUCTS (A) Fissile and fertile chemical elements and isotopes. Some of the radioactive chemical elements and isotopes mentioned above in Part III have a high atomic mass, e.g., thorium, uranium, plutonium and americium; the atomic nuclei of these elements have a particularly complex structure. When subjected to the action of subatomic particles (neutrons, protons, deuterons, tritons, α-particles, etc.), such nuclei may absorb these particles, thereby increasing their instability to the point where they themselves become capable of splitting into two nuclei of similar mass (or, more rarely, into three or four fragments). This splitting releases a considerable amount of energy and is accompanied by the emission of secondary neutrons. This process is known as fission or nuclear splitting. Only in very rare cases does fission occur spontaneously or under the action of photons. The secondary neutrons released during fission may cause further fission, which in turn also produces secondary neutrons, and so on. Repetition of this process many times gives a chain reaction. The probability of fission is usually very high for certain nuclides (U-233, U-235, Pu-239) when slow neutrons are used, i.e., neutrons with an average velocity of about 2200 m/s (or an energy of 1/40 eV). Since this velocity

This corresponds roughly to the velocity of liquid molecules (the thermal motion of molecules), slow neutrons are sometimes called thermal neutrons. Currently, fission caused by thermal neutrons is most commonly used in nuclear reactors. For this reason, the term fission is commonly used to describe isotopes that undergo fission by thermal neutrons, in particular uranium-233, uranium-235, plutonium-239 and the chemical elements that contain them, in particular uranium and plutonium. Other nuclides, such as uranium-238 and thorium-232, split only under the action of fast neutrons, and usually these isotopes are considered replicating, not fissile. The reproducibility is explained by the fact that these nuclides can absorb slow neutrons, thus allowing the formation of plutonium -239 or uranium-233, respectively, which are already fissile isotopes. Since the fission process releases a very large amount of energy of secondary neutrons (approximately 2 million eV), in thermal nuclear reactors (with slow neutrons), these neutrons must be slowed down in the event of a chain reaction. This can be achieved by means of moderators, i.e. products with low atomic mass (such as water, heavy water, certain hydrocarbons, graphite, beryllium, etc.), which, although absorbing some of the energy of neutrons in subsequent impacts, do not absorb neutrons or absorb them to a very small extent. In order to start and maintain a chain reaction, the average number of secondary neutrons produced by fission must be greater than is required to compensate for the loss of neutrons during their capture by other atoms that do not lead to fission. The fissionable and reproducing chemical elements are listed below: (1) Natural uranium. Uranium in its natural state consists of three isotopes: uranium-238, which is 99.28% of the total mass, uranium-235, which is 0.71%, and a small amount (about 0.006%) of wound-234. Therefore, natural uranium can be considered as a fission element (due to the content of uranium -235), and reproducing (due to the content of uranium - 238). Basically, uranium is isolated from uranium resin, uraninite, otunite, brannerite, carnotite or torbernite. It is also extracted from other secondary resources, such as superphosphate production waste or residues from gold mining operations. The usual process is to restore tetrafluoride with calcium or magnesium or electrolysis. Uranium is a low-radioactive element, very heavy (relative density 19) and solid. It has a shiny silvery-gray surface, but darkens in contact with air oxygen, forming oxides. In powdered form, it oxidizes and quickly ignites upon contact with air. Uranium is usually sold in the form of shells suitable for polishing, sawing, rolling, etc. (to obtain bars and rods, pipes, sheets, wire, etc.).

(2) Thorium. Since thorite and orangite, which are very rich in thorium, are very rare in pre-Herode, thorium is mainly obtained from monazite, which also contains rare earth metals. Unrefined thorium is an extremely pyrophoric gray powder. It is obtained by electrolysis of fluorides or reduction of fluorides, chlorides or oxides. The resulting metal is purified and sintered in an inert atmosphere and turned into heavy gray-steel-colored chunks (relative density 11.5); they are quite hard (although softer than uranium) and quickly oxidized in air. These pieces are rolled, extruded or stretched to obtain sheets, rods, pipes, wires, etc. Natural thorium consists of the isotope thorium-232. Thorium and some thorium alloys are used primarily as replicating materials in nuclear reactors. Thorium-magnesium and thorium-tungsten alloys, however, are used in aircraft or in the manufacture of thermoionic devices. Articles or parts of articles made of thorium of Sections XVI to XIX are not included in this heading. (3) Plutonium. Industrial plutonium is obtained by irradiating uranium-238 in nuclear reactors. It is a very heavy (relative density of 19.8) radioactive and highly toxic element. It is similar to uranium in appearance and oxidation. Plutonium in industry comes in the same form as enriched uranium and requires the greatest care in handling. Fissile isotopes include: (1) uranium-233; it is produced in nuclear reactors from thorium-232, which is converted sequentially into thorium-233, protactinium-233, and uranium-233; (2) uranium-235 is only a fissile isotope of uranium that is found in nature, with its presence in natural uranium being 0.71%. To obtain uranium enriched with uranium -235 and uranium depleted with uranium -235 (i.e. enriched with uranium -238), uranium hexafluoride is isotopic separated by electromagnetic, centrifugal or gas diffusion separation; (3) plutonium-239; it is obtained in nuclear reactors from uranium -238, which is sequentially converted into uranium-239, neptunium-239 and plutonium-239. It should be noted that there are some of the otopes of transplutonium elements, such as californium-252, americium-241, curium-242 and curium-244, which can be split (spontaneously or unspontaneously) and can be used as an intense neutron source. Of the reproducing isotopes, except for thorium -232, depleted uranium (that is, depleted with uranium-235 and, accordingly, enriched with uranium -238) should be noted. This metal is a byproduct of the production of uranium enriched with uranium-235. Due to its much lower cost and availability in larger quantities, it replaces natural uranium, in particular, as a replicating material, as a protective material.

screen against radiation, as a heavy metal for making flywheels or in the manufacture of absorbent compositions (getters) used for purifying certain gases. Articles or parts of articles made of uranium depleted in uranium-235, of Sections XVI-XIX, are excluded from this heading. (B) Compounds of fissile and fertile chemical elements or isotopes. This heading covers, in particular, the following compounds: (1) of uranium: (a) the oxides UO2, U3O8 and UO3, (b) the fluorides UF4 and UF6 (the latter sublimes at 56 °C), (c) the carbides UC and UC2, (d) the uranates Na2U2O7 and (NH4)2U2O7, (e) uranyl nitrate UO2(NO3)2·6H2O, (f) uranyl sulphate UO2SO4·3H2O; (2) of plutonium: (a) the tetrafluoride PuF4, (b) the dioxide PuO2, (c) the nitrate PuO2(NO3)2, (d) the carbides PuC and Pu2C3, (e) the nitride PuN. Uranium or plutonium compounds are used mainly in the nuclear industry, either as intermediate or as final products. Uranium hexafluoride is usually supplied in hermetically sealed containers; it is highly toxic and consequently requires very careful handling; (3) of thorium: (a) Oxide and hydroxide. Thorium oxide (ThO2) is a yellowish-white powder, insoluble in water. Thorium hydroxide (Th(OH)4) is hydrated thorium oxide. Both are obtained from monazite. They are used in the manufacture of incandescent gas mantles, as refractories or as catalysts (synthesis of acetone). The oxide is used as a fertile material in nuclear reactors; (b) Inorganic salts. These salts are usually white. The most important are the following: (i) thorium nitrate, in a more or less hydrated state, in the form of crystals or powder (calcined nitrate). Used for preparing luminescent paints. Mixed with cerium nitrate, it is used for impregnating incandescent gas mantles; (ii) thorium sulphate, a crystalline powder soluble in cold water; thorium hydrogensulphate and the double sulphates of the alkali metals; (iii) thorium chloride (ThCl4), anhydrous or hydrated, and the oxide chloride; (iv) thorium nitride and thorium carbide. Used as refractory materials, as abrasives or as fertile materials in nuclear reactors;

(c) organic compounds. The most well-known organic compounds of thorium are formate, acetate, tartrate and benzoate, all used in medicine. (B) Alloys, dispersions (including ceramics), ceramic products, mixtures and residues containing fissile or reproducing elements, or isotopes, or inorganic or organic compounds thereof. The main products in this category are as follows: (1) Alloys of uranium or plutonium with aluminum, chromium, zirconium, molybdenum, titanium, niobium or vanadium. There are also uranium-plutonium and iron-uranium alloys. (2) Dispersions of uranium dioxide (UO2) or uranium carbide (UC) (mixed or not mixed with thorium dioxide or thorium carbide) in graphite or polyethylene. (3) Ceramics consisting of various metals (e.g. corrosion-resistant steel or stainless steel) together with uranium dioxide (UO2), plutonium dioxide (PuO2), uranium carbide (UC) or plutonium carbide (PuC) (or the same compounds mixed with thorium oxide or thorium carbide). These products in the form of bars, plates, balls, pieces, powders, etc. are used to produce fuel elements or sometimes directly in reactors. Bars, plates and balls contained in the package and bearing special instructions for handling them are classified in heading 8401. (4) Waste or irradiated fuel elements (tvels), that is, those that after more or less prolonged use should be replaced (for example, due to the accumulation of cleavage products that prevent a chain reaction, or due to the destruction of the shell). After sufficiently long storage under a thick layer of water for cooling and reducing radioactivity, these fuel elements are transported in lead containers to specialized installations designed to recover the remaining fissile material from transformation or from the reproducing elements (which are usually contained in fuel elements) and fission products.

Notes

English text as published in Annex I to Regulation (EU) 2021/1832 (Combined Nomenclature). The EAEU tariff and the EU nomenclature copy these notes from the same convention. For a Russian declaration the binding version is the Russian one: Annex to Decision No 80 of the EEC Council of 14 September 2021.

1. Except where the context otherwise requires, the headings of this chapter apply only to:

(a) separate chemical elements and separate chemically defined compounds, whether or not containing impurities;

(b) the products mentioned in (a) above dissolved in water;

(c) the products mentioned in (a) above dissolved in other solvents provided that the solution constitutes a normal and necessary method of putting up these products adopted solely for reasons of safety or for transport and that the solvent does not render the product particularly suitable for specific use rather than for general use;

(d) the products mentioned in (a), (b) or (c) above with an added stabiliser (including an anti-caking agent) necessary for their preservation or transport;

(e) the products mentioned in (a), (b), (c) or (d) above with an added anti-dusting agent or a colouring substance added to facilitate their identification or for safety reasons, provided that the additions do not render the product particularly suitable for specific use rather than for general use.

2. In addition to dithionites and sulphoxylates, stabilised with organic substances (heading 2831), carbonates and peroxocarbonates of inorganic bases (heading 2836), cyanides, cyanide oxides and complex cyanides of inorganic bases (heading 2837), fulminates, cyanates and thiocyanates, of inorganic bases (heading 2842), organic products included in headings 2843 to 2846 and 2852 and carbides (heading 2849), only the following compounds of carbon are to be classified in this chapter:

(a) oxides of carbon, hydrogen cyanide and fulminic, isocyanic, thiocyanic and other simple or complex cyanogen acids (heading 2811);

(b) halide oxides of carbon (heading 2812);

(c) carbon disulphide (heading 2813);

(d) thiocarbonates, selenocarbonates, tellurocarbonates, selenocyanates, tellurocyanates, tetrathiocyanatodiamminochromates (reineckates) and other complex cyanates, of inorganic bases (heading 2842);

(e) hydrogen peroxide, solidified with urea (heading 2847), carbon oxysulphide, thiocarbonyl halides, cyanogen, cyanogen halides and cyanamide and its metal derivatives (heading 2853) other than calcium cyanamide, whether or not pure (Chapter 31).

3. Subject to the provisions of note 1 to Section VI, this chapter does not cover:

(a) sodium chloride or magnesium oxide, whether or not pure, or other products of Section V;

(b) organo-inorganic compounds other than those mentioned in note 2 above;

(c) products mentioned in note 2, 3, 4 or 5 to Chapter 31;

(d) inorganic products of a kind used as luminophores, of heading 3206; glass frit and other glass in the form of powder, granules or flakes, of heading 3207;

(e) artificial graphite (heading 3801); products put up as charges for fire-extinguishers or put up in fire-extinguishing grenades, of heading 3813; ink removers put up in packings for retail sale, of heading 3824; cultured crystals (other than optical elements) weighing not less than 2,5 g each, of the halides of the alkali or alkaline-earth metals, of heading 3824;

(f) precious or semi-precious stones (natural, synthetic or reconstructed) or dust or powder of such stones (headings 7102 to 7105), or precious metals or precious-metal alloys of Chapter 71;

(g) the metals, whether or not pure, metal alloys or cermets, including sintered metal carbides (metal carbides sintered with a metal), of Section XV; or

(h) optical elements, for example, of the halides of the alkali or alkaline-earth metals (heading 9001).

4. Chemically defined complex acids consisting of a non-metal acid of sub-chapter II and a metal acid of sub-chapter IV are to be classified in heading 2811.

5. Headings 2826 to 2842 apply only to metal or ammonium salts or peroxysalts. Except where the context otherwise requires, double or complex salts are to be classified in heading 2842.

6. Heading 2844 applies only to:

(a) technetium (atomic No 43), promethium (atomic No 61), polonium (atomic No 84) and all elements with an atomic number greater than 84;

(b) natural or artificial radioactive isotopes (including those of the precious metals or of the base metals of Sections XIV and XV), whether or not mixed together;

(c) compounds, inorganic or organic, of these elements or isotopes, whether or not chemically defined, whether or not mixed together;

(d) alloys, dispersions (including cermets), ceramic products and mixtures containing these elements or isotopes or inorganic or organic compounds thereof and having a specific radioactivity exceeding 74 Bq/g (0,002 μCi/g);

(e) spent (irradiated) fuel elements (cartridges) of nuclear reactors;

(f) radioactive residues whether or not usable. The term ‘isotopes’, for the purposes of this note and of the wording of headings 2844 and 2845, refers to: — individual nuclides, excluding, however, those existing in nature in the monoisotopic state, — mixtures of isotopes of one and the same element, enriched in one or several of the said isotopes, that is, elements of which the natural isotopic composition has been artificially modified.

7. Heading 2853 includes copper phosphide (phosphor copper) containing more than 15 % by weight of phosphorus.

8. Chemical elements (for example, silicon and selenium) doped for use in electronics are to be classified in this chapter, provided that they are in forms unworked as drawn, or in the form of cylinders or rods. When cut in the form of discs, wafers or similar forms, they fall in heading 3818.

Subheading note

Machine translation. The original is the Russian text of the EAEU tariff, and customs goes by it; this translation is for understanding only and has no legal force.

1. В субпозиции 2852 10 термин «определенного химического состава» означает все органические или неорганические соединения ртути, удовлетворяющие требованиям примечаний 1 (а) – 1 (д) к группе 28 и примечаний 1 (а) – 1 (з) к группе 29.

Additional note

Machine translation. The original is the Russian text of the EAEU tariff, and customs goes by it; this translation is for understanding only and has no legal force.

1. Unless otherwise specified, the salts referred to in the subheadings include acid salts and basic salts.