8445 — Machines for preparing textile fibres; spinning, doubling or twisting machines and other machinery for producing textile yarns (excl. machines of heading 8444); textile reeling or winding, incl. weft-winding, machines, and machines for preparing textile yarns for use on the machines of heading 8446 or 8447

8445 Machines for preparing textile fibres; spinning, doubling or twisting machines and other machinery for producing textile yarns; textile reeling or winding (including weft-winding) machines and machinery for preparing textile yarns for use on the machines of heading 8446 or 8447: – Machines for preparing textile fibres: 8445 11 – – Carding machines 8445 12 – – Combing machines 8445 13 – – Drawing or roving machines 8445 19 – – Other 8445 20 – Textile spinning machines 8445 30 – Textile doubling or twisting machines 8445 40 – Textile winding (including weft-winding) or reeling machines 8445 90 – Other

Subject to the exclusions mentioned below, this heading covers machines used in the textile industry for carrying out the following processes: (I) Preparation or preliminary treatment of textile fibres to make them suitable for: (i) the production of yarn, twisted yarn, etc.; or (ii) the production of wadding, felt or fur felt, padding material, etc. (II) Conversion of various textile fibres into yarn by spinning, twisting, doubling, throwing, etc. processes (including the making of paper yarn from paper strips), excluding the special processes for making cords and ropes (heading 8479). (III) Reeling cocoons to obtain rovings, yarn, twisted yarn, etc., and preparation of textile yarn for use on the machines of heading 8446 or 8447. (A) MACHINES FOR PREPARING NATURAL TEXTILE FIBRES OR SHORT MAN-MADE FIBRES FOR SPINNING, AND SIMILAR MACHINES FOR PREPARING FIBRES FOR USE AS STUFFING MATERIAL OR FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF FELT OR PADDING MATERIAL This category includes: (1) Sorting machines with fans for sorting wool by length. The machine consists of a long chamber divided across its width into compartments into which the wool is fed by an air current. The wool is distributed among the compartments according to length

fibres. (2) Machines for separating cotton fibres from seeds, husks and other impurities (e.g., cotton gins) and similar machines for separating cotton linters from the seeds. (3) Scutching or similar machines for separating fibres from the stalks (flax, hemp, etc.) after retting. (4) Machines for pulling rags, old ropes or similar textile waste to separate them into fibres suitable for treatment on carding machines (e.g., openers or garnetting machines), excluding rag-cutting machines used in the pulp and paper industry (heading 8439). (5) Bale-breakers, used for breaking up cotton fibre compressed in bales into tufts. (6) Automatic feeders, equipped with distributing devices, for obtaining a uniform flow fed to the opening machines. (7) Scutchers and lap scutchers designed for further cleaning and opening of cotton laps; preparatory machines for opening wool fibre. (8) Wool-washing machines with mechanical devices for feeding the wool and hot water, and also machines for washing greasy wool (e.g., Leviathans), equipped with agitating devices and sometimes with driers. (9) Dyeing machines for dyeing wool fibres in the mass. (10) Machines for applying to wool fibres, ramie fibres, etc., oiling agents or chemicals to facilitate their processing on carding and combing machines. (11) Machines for carbonising wool in an acid vat, fitted with devices for removing excess solution, for drying and also for removing the dust formed by the charred particles. (12) Carding machines of various types for cotton, wool, short man-made fibres, bast fibres (flax, hemp, etc.), etc. On these machines the cleaning process begun on the opening and scutching machines is continued, and the fibres are separated and straightened. The machine has large-diameter cylinders covered with all-metal saw-tooth wire or with needle clothing; the cylinders work together with stationary flats or with rollers which are also covered with needle clothing. A stripping device prevents the teeth of the saw-tooth wire from becoming clogged with fibres, and carding machines for wool have a burr-removing device. Carding machines of different kinds are used at different stages for processing a variety of fibrous materials (e.g., breaker, intermediate, finisher and condenser cards). The fibre leaves the carding machine in the form of a wide web, or may be formed into a sliver which is wound on spools or bobbins or coiled into a rotating can. This category also includes carding machines for preparing fibres for felting machines or for use as stuffing material; these are usually machines of a simpler type, consisting of cylindrical segments covered with

It is a needle-shaped garn that makes an oscillatory movement over a flat surface, also covered with a needle-shaped headset. (13) Tape machines, rowing tape machines, etc. These machines draw the tape to reduce its cross-section, make the addition of the tapes and re-drawing in order to obtain a uniform product; these machines are used after scratching, and in the case of processing wool fiber - sometimes after combing. (14) The main purpose of these machines is to comb short fibres; the tape held between the sponges of the clutches of the comb machine is exposed to ridges or needles. These machines are used at various stages of production: for the processing of crude fiber (for example, flax scratching) or after processing on scratching or tape machines. The most common machines are comb machines for linen, hemp or similar fibers, periodic comb machines for cotton fiber and round machines for wool fiber. (15) Laying machines for linen, jute, etc. fibers. These machines combine handfuls of linen or other fibers, as well as pulling them into a continuous tape. (16) Machines for additional washing of wool tape, designed to remove the oilizer and other inclusions after treatment on scratching or comb machines. They consist of a certain number of barques with a warm soap solution, equipped with guide and push shafts, drying drums and fumble hood heads for repeated loosening of the wool. (17) Ribbon or flattening machines for the final pulling and weak torsion of the ribbon or liner in order to prepare them for spinning. (18) Layers. The tapelayer consists of a rotating pelvis, which produces a rotation of the pelvis, into which a tape or line is laid, produced by various machines; in the upper part it has a device for forming turns of the tape. This category of goods includes: (1) Machines for removing the outer parts of cocoons, as well as machines for removing the outer cocoons by impact. (2) Pins for manually unwinding cocoon threads from cocoons, equipped with devices for connecting and easily twisting several to horse threads, and sometimes with motovils for winding the resulting raw silk; sometimes the roller is separated from the pelvis, but provided that the coil and pelvis are presented together, the whole device is included in this heading. (3) Machines for removing cones, thick places, etc. from raw silk thread. (B) STRAIGHT MACHINES FOR EQUAL RIGHT TRACKING; STRAINING MACHINES AND TURNING MACHINES FOR MULTIVE OR SINGLE TRINKING MACHINES This category of goods includes: (1) Spinning machines which, by further pulling and torsion, convert the flat into yarn. An important feature of the spinning machine is the presence

spinning mechanism (flyer, ring and traveller, etc.) working in conjunction with a rotating vertical or inclined spindle; the spinning machine consists of a large number of these units arranged side by side. This heading covers spinning machines for flax, hemp, jute, etc., fibres, intermittent spinning machines (self-acting mules) and continuous spinning machines (flyer, ring, cap, etc.). Spinning wheels are also included here. (2) Machines for producing yarn from tows of man-made filaments. On these machines the filaments of the tow are stretch-broken into staple, the resulting sliver is drawn into roving, and the yarn is produced. (3) Twisting or doubling machines for giving additional twist to yarns or for twisting together two or more yarns and forming cabled or folded yarns, or for forming twine; however, special machines for making ropes are excluded (heading 8479). Some machines of this category may contain devices for producing fancy yarns (e.g., "bouclé" yarns). This category also includes throwing machines for twisting silk or man-made filaments. (4) Machines for knotting together the ends of lengths of horsehair. (D) WINDING OR REELING MACHINES These machines are used for winding yarn (or roving), twine or cords onto bobbins, spools, cops, cones, cheeses, onto cards, etc., or into balls, skeins, etc., according to manufacturing or commercial requirements or for retail sale. For the classification of warping machines, see paragraph (E) below. Machines for laying ropes or cables fall in heading 8479. This heading also covers machines for recovering and unwinding yarn from damaged knitted or crocheted articles. It also covers pirn-winding machines designed for winding weft yarn into packages suitable for use on weaving looms. (E) MACHINES FOR PREPARING YARN FOR USE ON THE MACHINES OF HEADING 8446 OR 8447 This category includes: (1) Warping machines for winding parallel threads with equal tension and in a regular order (having regard to the colour and type of the threads) for weaving. The full number of threads required for the warp may be prepared all at once, or it may be divided into sections (sectional warping); the warp may be wound directly onto the weaver's beam ready for use on the loom, or first onto a warping beam or other supports (e.g., bobbins). The machine consists of a creel designed to hold a large number of bobbins of yarn, a series of reeds and thread guides, and a powerful drum-type winding mechanism; the various parts of this machine are quite self-contained, but when presented together they are classified in this heading. (2) Sizing machines (e.g., slashers). On these machines the warp yarn, either in sections or as a sheet of parallel threads, is temporarily strengthened in order to protect it from fraying on the loom and to make it

More smooth, which facilitates the process of weaving. These machines mainly consist of a schlichtaw trough, a system of guide rollers, a heated drum or dryer with hot air and a winding mechanism, and sometimes a marking device (that is, the application of paint labels with adjustable intervals on edge threads). This heading does not cover other grinding machines, for example, for grinding other types of yarn (including precision yarn) in coils or in split form (heading 8451). (3) Touching machines for bending the main threads through the galew remixes of the loom and through the bardo or comb. (4) Knotting or torning machines for connecting the threads of the new base with the threads of the remaining old base. This heading does not include machines for tying up the weaving threads of the substrate (heading 8448). (5) Machines for assembling the filaments of the base in bulk from the main rollers. (6) Machines for weaving and feeding thread during weaving. (7) Embroidery breakers.

PARTS AND ACCESSORIES Subject to the general provisions regarding the classification of parts (see the General Explanatory Note to Section XVI), parts and accessories of the machines of this heading are classified in heading 8448. The heading excludes: (a) Machines for heat-treating cocoons in order to kill the chrysalis (heading 8419). (b) Machines for drying textile materials (heading 8419 or 8451, as the case may be). (c) Centrifugal wringers (heading 8421). (d) Machines of heading 8444. (e) Machinery for the manufacture or finishing of felt or fur felt or nonwovens (heading 8449). (f) Glazing, polishing, singeing or other finishing machines, and also rolling-up machines (heading 8451). (g) Machines for shearing hair and wool from animal skins (heading 8453). (h) Machines for grinding card clothing and for sharpening comber clothing (heading 8460). (ij) Machines for setting the needles of needle clothing (heading 8463). (k) Machines for covering card cylinders with needle clothing, etc. (heading 8479).

Notes

Machine translation. The original is the Russian text of the EAEU tariff, and customs goes by it; this translation is for understanding only and has no legal force.

1. This group does not include:

(a) millstones, grinding stones or other articles of Chapter 68;

(b) equipment or devices (e.g. pumps) of ceramic materials and ceramic parts of machinery or devices of any material (Chapter 69);

(c) laboratory glassware (heading 7017); equipment, devices or other articles for technical purposes or parts thereof of glass (heading 7019 or 7020);

(d) articles of heading 7321 or 7322 or similar articles of other base metals (Chapters 74 to 76 or 78 to 81);

(e) vacuum cleaners of heading 8508;

(f) electromechanical household appliances of heading 8509; digital cameras of heading 8525;

(g) radiators for articles of Section XVII; or

(h) manual mechanical brushes for floor cleaning, without engine (heading 9603).

2. Subject to the provisions of Note 3 to Section XVI and Note 11 to this Chapter, a machine or device which meets the description in one or more of headings 8401 to 8424 or heading 8486 and at the same time the description in one or more headings 8425 to 8480 is included in the relevant heading of the first series of headings or in heading 8486 as the case may be, and not in the second series.

(A) However, heading 8419 does not cover:

(i) seed germination equipment, incubators or brooders (heading 8436);

(ii) machinery for wetting grains (heading 8437);

(iii) diffusion apparatus for the extraction of sugary juice (heading 8438);

(iv) equipment for the heat treatment of textile yarn, textile materials or finished textile articles (heading 8451); or

machining equipment, assemblies or laboratory equipment in which temperature change, even if necessary, is an auxiliary process.

(B) Heading 8422 does not cover:

(i) sewing machines for sewing bags or similar packagings (heading 8452); or

(ii) office equipment of heading 8472.

(C) Heading 8424 does not cover:

(i) paint-blasting printing presses (heading 8443); or

(ii) water jet cutting machines (heading 8456).

3. A machine for processing any material which corresponds to the description of heading 8456 and simultaneously to the description of heading 8457 to 8461, 8464 or 8465 is classified in heading 8456.

4. Heading 8457 covers only metalworking machines other than lathes (including multipurpose lathes) which may perform different types of machining operations by:

(a) the automatic replacement of tools from a tool store or similar device in accordance with the processing program(s);

(b) the automatic application simultaneously or sequentially of different processing heads operating at a fixed workpiece (assembly single-position machines); or

(c) automatic movement of the workpiece to various processing heads (multi-position machines).

5. For the purposes of heading 8462, the term “longitudinal cutting line” for flat products means a process line consisting of a winder, a correct device, a longitudinal cutting device and a winder. The term “cross-cutting line” for flat products means a process line consisting of a unwinder, a correct device and a cutting device.

6. (A) For the purposes of heading 8471, the term “computers” means machines capable of:

(i) store the processing program or programs and at least the information currently necessary to execute the program;

(ii) be freely reprogrammable according to user requirements;

(iii) perform user-defined arithmetic calculations; and

(iv) perform, without human intervention, a processing program requiring the computer to modify its actions by making logical decisions during processing.

(B) Computing machines can be made in the form of systems consisting of a different number of individual blocks.

(C) Subject to the provisions of Notes (D) and (E) below, a block shall be treated as part of a computing system if it satisfies all of the following conditions:

(i) exclusively or principally used in a computing system;

(ii) is capable of being connected to the central processing unit either directly or through one or more other units; and

(iii) is capable of receiving or presenting information in such form (codes or signals) as may be used by the system.

Separately presented computer units are classified in heading 8471.

However, keyboards, X-Y-coordinate input devices and disk storage units which satisfy the conditions laid down in Notes (B) (ii) and (B) (iii) above are in all cases to be regarded as blocks of heading 8471.

(D) Heading 8471 does not cover the following devices, presented separately, even if they meet all the conditions of Note 6(C) above:

(i) printers, copiers, facsimile machines, combined or not;

(ii) apparatus for receiving or transmitting voice, images or other data, including apparatus for providing communications over a wired or wireless communication network (for example, on a local or wide area network);

(iii) loudspeakers and microphones;

(iv) television cameras, digital cameras and video recording cameras;

(v) monitors and projectors not combined with television reception equipment.

(E) Machines containing or working in conjunction with a computer and performing specific functions other than information processing are classified in the headings according to their specific functions or, if this is not possible, in the residual headings.

7. Heading 8482, inter alia, covers polished steel balls whose maximum and minimum diameter does not differ from the nominal diameter by more than 1% or by more than 0.05 mm, whichever is smaller. Other steel balls are classified in heading 7326.

8. A machine which is used for more than one purpose shall be classified as if its primary purpose were the only one.

Subject to the provisions of Note 2 to this Chapter and Note 3 to Section XVI, a machine whose primary purpose is not described in any heading or a machine in which none of its functions is primary is classified in heading 8479, unless the context otherwise provides. Heading 8479 also includes machinery for the manufacture of ropes or ropes (e.g. knitting machines) from metal wire, textile yarn or other materials or from a combination of such materials.

9. For the purposes of heading 8470, the term “pocket” applies only to devices not exceeding 170 x 100 x 45 mm.

10. For the purposes of heading 8485, the term additive manufacturing (also referred to as 3D printing) means the formation of physical objects based on a digital model by successively adding and layering, sealing and curing a material (e.g., metal, plastics or ceramics).

Subject to the provisions of Note 1 to Section XVI and Note 1 to Chapter 84, machines as described in heading 8485 are classified in that heading and no other heading of the Nomenclature.

11. (A) Notes 12(a) and 12(b) to Chapter 85 also apply to the terms “semiconductor devices” and “electronic integrated circuits”, respectively, as used in this note and in heading 8486. However, in this note and in heading 8486, the term "semiconductor devices" also applies to photosensitive semiconductor devices and LEDs.

(B) In this note and in heading 8486, the term “plane display panel production” covers the fabrication of a flat panel of substrates. It does not cover the production of glass or the installation of printed circuit boards or other electronic components on flat panels. The term "flat display panel" does not apply to cathode ray tube technology.

(C) Heading 8486 also includes machinery and apparatus used exclusively or principally for:

(i) producing or eliminating defects in masks and patterns;

assemblies of semiconductor devices or electronic integrated circuits;

(iii) lifting, manipulating, loading or unloading boules, plates, semiconductor devices, electronic integrated circuits and flat display panels.

(D) Subject to the provisions of Note 1 to Section XVI and Note 1 to Chapter 84, machinery meeting the description in heading 8486 is classified in this heading and in no other heading of the Nomenclature.

Subheading notes

English text as published in Annex I to Regulation (EU) 2021/1832 (Combined Nomenclature). The EAEU tariff and the EU nomenclature copy these notes from the same convention. For a Russian declaration the binding version is the Russian one: Annex to Decision No 80 of the EEC Council of 14 September 2021.

1. For the purposes of subheading 8465 20, the term ‘machining centres’ applies only to machine-tools for working wood, cork, bone, hard rubber, hard plastics or similar hard materials, which can carry out different types of machining operations by automatic tool change from a magazine or the like in conformity with a machining programme.

2. For the purposes of subheading 8471 49, the term ‘systems’ means automatic data-processing machines whose units satisfy the conditions laid down in note 6(C) to Chapter 84 and which comprise at least a central processing unit, one input unit (for example, a keyboard or a scanner), and one output unit (for example, a visual display unit or a printer).

3. For the purposes of subheading 8481 20, the expression ‘valves for oleohydraulic or pneumatic transmissions’ means valves which are used specifically in the transmission of ‘fluid power’ in a hydraulic or pneumatic system, where the energy source is supplied in the form of pressurized fluids (liquid or gas). These valves may be of any type (for example, pressure-reducing type, check type). Subheading 8481 20 takes precedence over all other subheadings of heading 8481.

4. Subheading 8482 40 applies only to bearings with cylindrical rollers of a uniform diameter not exceeding 5 mm and having a length which is at least three times the diameter. The ends of the rollers may be rounded.

Additional notes

Machine translation. The original is the Russian text of the EAEU tariff, and customs goes by it; this translation is for understanding only and has no legal force.

1. For the purposes of subheadings 8407 10 and 8409 10, the term “aviation engines” shall apply only to engines intended for assembly with an air or rotor.

2. В подсубпозицию 8471 70 300 0 также включаются устройства считывания компакт-дисков, являющиеся запоминающими устройствами вычислительных машин, которые предназначены для считывания сигналов с CD-ROM, аудиокомпакт-дисков и фотокомпакт-дисков и снабжены разъемом для наушников, регулятором громкости или кнопкой пуск/стоп.

Additional notes of the Eurasian Economic Union

Machine translation. The original is the Russian text of the EAEU tariff, and customs goes by it; this translation is for understanding only and has no legal force.

1. For the purposes of subheading 8482 10 900 1, the term “gross mass” means the total mass of the goods with all kinds of packaging materials and packagings ensuring their safety during storage and transport. The total weight of the goods does not include the mass of packaging materials or containers that are clearly suitable for reuse.

2. For the purposes of subheading 8415 81 001 0, the term “special production facilities” means premises in which the maintenance of precise values of temperature and humidity is due to the operational requirements of the equipment installed therein, such as machines, computers, switching equipment, surgical equipment, etc., or to the operations performed therein.

3. In subheadings 8427 20 190 1, 8427 90 000 1 and 8436 80 100 1, the date of manufacture shall be determined on the basis of the technical documentation of the manufacturer (technical passport, instruction manual) and the manufacturer's plate, which shall be fixed in a conspicuous, easily accessible place of the machinery and shall not be replaced during operation. If the manufacturer's technical documentation and the manufacturer's plate contain conflicting information about the date of manufacture or there is no information about the manufacturer of the equipment on the date of manufacture, then this technique is considered a technique, since the release of which more than 3 years have passed.

If the manufacturer's information indicates only the year of manufacture, then the date of manufacture of the equipment is considered 1 July of the year of manufacture; if the month and year of manufacture are indicated, the date of manufacture is the 15th day of the month specified in the manufacturer's information.

4. For the purpose of classification of goods in subheading 8482 10 900 1 in the states, whose territories constitute the customs territory of the Eurasian Economic Union, when applying the term "French border of the country of importation", the country of import is understood as the customs territory of the Eurasian Economic Union.

5. For the purpose of subheading 8407 10 000 3, the term “take-off power” means the maximum power developed by an aircraft piston engine.

“Take-off power” is specified in the technical documentation and (or) accompanying documents, measured in kilowatts or horsepower (1 kW corresponds to 1.35962 hp).

6. В подсубпозиции 8421 99 000 5 термин «элементы мембранные рулонного типа для фильтрования или очистки жидкостей» означает устройства цилиндрической формы, состоящие из:

- internal plastic perforated tube on which spirally wound membrane bags;

- drainage material located between membrane bags and glued to them on three sides.

The membrane package consists of a twice folded band of membrane containing an extruded grid inside.

At the ends of the membrane roll-type element, fixing discs and sealing cuffs can be installed.

7. For the purposes of subheading 8415 20 000 2, the term “in a single enclosure” refers to air conditioning units (air conditioners) in which all the elements are combined in a single enclosure, frame or platform.

The term "in a single housing" also applies to air conditioning units (air conditioners) in which the refrigeration compressor, which is part of a given air conditioning unit (air conditioner), is located separately, that is, not combined with the rest of the elements in one housing, on one frame or on one platform.