8504 40 30 — Static converters of a kind used with telecommunication apparatus, automatic data-processing machines and units thereof

8504 Electrical transformers, static electric converters (for example, rectifiers), inductors and chokes: 8504 10 – Ballasts for discharge lamps or tubes – Liquid dielectric transformers: 8504 21 – – Having a power handling capacity not exceeding 650 kVA 8504 22 – – Having a power handling capacity exceeding 650 kVA but not exceeding 10 000 kVA 8504 23 – – Having a power handling capacity exceeding 10 000 kVA – Other transformers: 8504 31 – – Having a power handling capacity not exceeding 1 kVA

8504 32 – with a capacity of more than 1 kVA, but not more than 16 kVA 8504 33 – with a capacity of more than 16 kVA, but not more than 500 kVA 8504 34 – with a capacity of more than 500 kVA 8504 40 – static converters 8504 50 – inductors and throttle other 8504 90 – parts

Electrical transformers are devices that, without any moving parts, convert, by induction and using a rigidly configured or adjustable system, alternating current with one parameter into alternating current with another parameter (with another voltage, another full resistance, etc.). Typically, transformers are two or more coils of insulated wire wound in different configurations on plate iron cores, although in some cases (for example, in radio frequency transformers) there may be no magnetic core or the core may be made of an agglomerated dust fraction of iron, ferrite, etc. The alternating current of one coil (primary circuit) excites an alternating current of usually different strength and voltage in other coils (secondary circuit). In some cases (autotransformers) there is only one coil, part of which is common to the primary and secondary circuits. In armored transformers around the transformer there is a casing of plate steel. Some transformers are designed for specific purposes, for example, matching transformers for matching the total resistance of one circuit with another and measuring instrument transformers (current and voltage transformers, combined measuring transformers) used to lower or increase the voltage or current to the level of equipment connected to them, for example, measuring instruments, electrical meters or protective relays. This heading covers all types of transformers. They can be from ballast to control the current flowing through gas discharge lamps or tubes, small, used in radios, devices, toys, etc., to powerful units enclosed in oil tanks or equipped with radiators, fans, etc. for cooling. Powerful units are used in power plants, distribution stations or substations. Frequency can range from network frequency to very high radio frequencies. This heading covers symmetric transformers which reduce electromagnetic interference by balancing impedance in two-wire lines. The transformer power is defined as the net power in kilovolt amperes in a stationary mode at a rated secondary voltage (or current in cases where this is true), as well as at a nominal frequency and without exceeding the nominal temperature limits. Electric welding transformers supplied separately without welding heads or welding fixtures are classified in this heading. However, they are not included (heading 8515) when supplied with welding heads or welding appliances. This heading also includes induction coils, i.e. transformers of a kind in which intermittent or variable direct current in primary

Elements excite the corresponding current in the secondary. They can be used either to raise the voltage to a higher value, or, as in telephone communication, to reproduce in secondary circuits weak current fluctuations corresponding to fluctuations imposed on direct current in a steady mode in the primary circuit. This heading covers induction coils of all kinds, with the exception of ignition equipment for internal combustion engines (heading 8511). (II) STATIC ELECTRICAL TECHNOLOGIZERS Equipment of this type is changed in order to convert electricity to the parameters necessary for its further use. It includes transforming elements (e.g. lamps) of various types. It may also have various auxiliary devices (e.g., tranformers, induction coils, resistors, controllers, etc.). The principle of operation is that the transforming elements can act alternately: either as conductors or as nonconductors of current. The fact that this equipment often includes additional circuits for regulating the voltage of the output current does not affect its classification in this group; nor does it affect the fact that it is sometimes regarded as a regulator of voltage or current. This equipment includes: (A) rectifiers that convert alternating current (single or multiphase) into direct current, which is usually accompanied by a change in voltage. (B) Inverters that convert direct current to alternating current. (C) AC converters and frequency converters, with the power of which an alternating current (single or multiphase) is converted into a current of another frequency or voltage. (D) DC converters by which direct current is converted into a current of another voltage. Electrical static converters can be divided into the following main categories according to the type of converter element with which they are equipped: (1) Semiconductor converters based on the phenomenon of one-way conductivity between certain crystals. Such converters are a semiconductor (converting element) plus various other devices (e.g., radiators, tape conductors, actuators, regulators, control circuits). They include: (a) monocrystalline semiconductor rectifiers, in which a device containing silicon or germanium crystals (diode, thyristor, transistor) is used as a converting element; (b) polycrystalline semiconductor rectifiers, in which a disk of selenium is used. (2) Gas-discharge transducers such as: (a) mercury-arc rectifiers. Their converting element is a glass shell or metal vacuum housing, which contains a mercury cathode and one or more anodes through which the rectified current is passed. They are equipped with auxiliary devices, for example, for cooling and sometimes to maintain vacuum.

There are two categories of gas-discharge rectifiers, differing in the mechanism of the device for imparting the initial charge: "excitrons" (with excitation anodes) and "ignitrons" (with igniter electrodes); (b) thermionic rectifiers with hot cathodes. Their converting element (e.g., a thyratron) is similar to the corresponding element of mercury-arc rectifiers, except that it has a hot cathode instead of a mercury cathode. (3) Converters with a mechanical converting element, based on the unidirectional conductivity of various contacts, such as: (a) contact rectifiers (e.g., cam-shaft rectifiers), incorporating a device whose metal contacts open and close in synchronism with the frequency of the alternating current being rectified; (b) mercury jet rectifiers with a rotating jet of mercury, synchronised with the frequency of the alternating current, which strikes a fixed contact; (c) vibrating rectifiers with a thin metal reed oscillating at the frequency of the alternating current; the reed touches a contact placed in such a way that electrical energy is drawn from the source. (4) Electrolytic rectifiers, whose action is based on the fact that certain substances used as electrodes, in combination with certain liquids used as electrolytes, allow current to flow in one direction only. Static electric converters may be used for various purposes, for example: (1) As converters for supplying the drive of stationary machines or of electrically driven vehicles (e.g., locomotives). (2) As power supply converters, such as battery chargers (which consist essentially of rectifiers with an appropriate transformer and current-regulating equipment), converters for electroplating and electrolysis, emergency power sources, converters for installations producing high-voltage direct current, converters for heating purposes and for supplying electromagnets. This group also includes converters known as high tension generators (used, in particular, in radio equipment, emission tubes, microwave tubes, ion-beam tubes), which convert current from any source, usually the mains, into the high-voltage direct current needed to supply the equipment concerned, the conversion being effected by means of rectifiers, transformers, etc. The heading also covers stabilised power supplies (rectifiers combined with a regulator), e.g., uninterruptible power supply units for a range of electronic equipment. However, high tension generators (or transformers) specially designed for radiological apparatus fall in heading 9022. Automatic voltage regulators fall in heading 9032. (III) INDUCTORS AND CHOKES These consist of a coil of wire which, when connected into an alternating current circuit, limits or prevents the flow of alternating current by its self-induction.

This covers devices ranging from small chokes used in radio circuits, instruments, etc., to large coils, often embedded in concrete and used in power networks (e.g., for limiting the current in the event of a short circuit). Inductance coils and chokes or inductors in the form of discrete components obtained by a printing process are included in this heading. Deflection coils for cathode-ray tubes fall in heading 8540. PARTS Subject to the general provisions regarding the classification of parts (see the General Explanatory Note to Section XVI), parts of the goods of this heading are also classified in this heading. In particular, metal-tank mercury-arc rectifiers, with or without a pump, are always classified as parts. However, most of the electrical components of the apparatus of this heading fall in other headings of this Chapter, for example: (a) various switches of heading 85 36 (e.g., switches used with multi-tap transformers); (b) vacuum or mercury vapour rectifying valves and tubes (other than those of the metal-tank type) and thyratrons (heading 8540); (c) semiconductor diodes, transistors and thyristors (heading 8541); (d) articles of heading 8542.

Notes

Machine translation. The original is the Russian text of the EAEU tariff, and customs goes by it; this translation is for understanding only and has no legal force.

1. This group does not include:

(a) blankets, mattresses, pillows, foot warmers, electrically heated or similar articles; clothing, shoes or headphones or other electrically heated articles used by a person;

(b) glass articles of heading 7011;

(c) machinery and apparatus of heading 8486;

(d) vacuum apparatus used in the medical, surgical, dental or veterinary fields of science (heading 9018); or

(e) Electrically heated furniture of Chapter 94.

2. Headings 8501 to 8504 do not cover the goods of heading 8511, 8512, 8540, 8541 or 8542.

However, mercury arc rectifiers with metal reservoirs are classified in heading 8504.

3. For the purposes of heading 8507, the term “electrical accumulators” applies to electric accumulators presented with additional components that contribute to the storage and supply of energy to the battery or protect it from damage, such as electrical connectors, thermostats (e.g., thermistors) and protective devices. They may also include a portion of the protective casing of the goods in which they will be used.

4. Heading 8509 covers only the following types of electromechanical machinery commonly used in household use:

(a) canvases, food grinders, mixers and juicers for fruits or vegetables of any mass;

(b) other machines weighing not more than 20 kg.

Однако данная товарная позиция не включает вентиляторы или вентиляционные или рециркуляционные вытяжные колпаки или шкафы с вентилятором, с фильтрами или без фильтров (товарная позиция 8414), центробежные сушилки для белья (товарная позиция 8421), посудомоечные машины (товарная позиция 8422), бытовые стиральные машины (товарная позиция 8450), валковые или другие гладильные машины (товарная позиция 8420 или 8451), швейные машины (товарная позиция 8452), электрические ножницы (товарная позиция 8467) или электронагревательные приборы (товарная позиция 8516).

5. For the purposes of heading 8517, the term “smartphones” means telephones for cellular communication networks equipped with a mobile operating system designed to perform computer functions, such as the downloading and simultaneous operation of several applications, including third-party applications, whether or not other components, such as digital cameras and navigation systems, are embedded therein.

6. In heading 8523:

(a) “solid state-of-the-art non-volatile storage devices” (e.g., “flash memory cards” or “electronic flash memory cards”) mean connector storage devices comprising one or more flash memory devices (e.g., “Flash ES ROMs”) in the form of integrated circuits installed on a printed circuit board. They may include an integrated circuit controller and discrete passive components such as capacitors and resistors.

(b) the term “smart cards” means cards that have one or more electronic integrated circuits (a microprocessor, randomly sampled memory (ROM) or permanent memory (ROM)) in the form of crystals. These cards may have contacts, a magnetic strip, or a built-in antenna, but they do not contain any other active or passive elements.

7. For the purposes of heading 8524, the expression “flat display panel modules” refers to display devices or apparatus equipped with at least a display screen which are designed to be incorporated into the articles of other headings before use. In shape, the display screens of such modules can be flat, curved, flexible, folding, stretching or other shapes. Flat display panel modules may include additional components, including those necessary for receiving video signals and distributing them across screen pixels. Heading 8524, however, does not include display modules equipped with components for converting video signals (e.g., a video format conversion integrated circuit, a decoder integrated circuit or an application processor) or otherwise having assumed the character of articles of other headings.

In classifying the flat panel modules referred to in this note, heading 8524 takes precedence over any other heading of the Nomenclature.

8. For the purposes of heading 8534, the term “printed circuits” means circuits made by forming on an insulating substrate by any printing process (e.g., electroplating, etching) or by “film” technology of conductors, contacts, or other printed elements (e.g., inductances, resistors, capacitors) individually or in a particular order, with the exception of elements which are capable of producing, straightening, modulating, or amplifying an electrical signal (e.g., semiconductor elements).

The term "printed circuits" does not include circuits combined with elements other than those obtained in the printing process, as well as individual discrete resistors, capacitors or inductors. Printed circuits, however, may be equipped with connecting elements manufactured by a technology other than printing.

Thin or thick-film circuits employing passive and active elements obtained in the same process are classified in heading 8542.

9. For the purposes of heading 8536, the term “connectors for fibers of optical, fiber-optic harnesses or cables” means connectors which simply mechanically connect the ends of optical fibers in a digital link system. They do not perform any other function, such as amplifying, restoring, or changing a signal.

10. Heading 8537 excludes wireless infrared devices for remote control of television receivers or other electrical equipment (heading 8543).

11. For the purposes of heading 8539, the expression “LED light sources” covers:

(a) "LED modules" are electric light sources based on LEDs connected in electrical circuits and containing additional components such as electrical, mechanical, thermal or optical elements. For supply or control of power, these modules also contain discrete active elements, discrete passive elements or articles of heading 8536 or 8542. LED modules (LED) are not equipped with a cap, facilitating installation or replacement in the lamp, and providing mechanical and electrical contact;

(b) "LED lamps" are electrical light sources containing one or more LED modules containing additional components such as electrical, mechanical, thermal or optical elements. The difference between LED modules (LED) and LED lamps (LED) is that the latter have a cap that facilitates installation or replacement in the lamp, and provides mechanical and electrical contact.

12. In headings 8541 and 8542:

(a) (i) “semiconductor devices” means semiconductor devices whose operation is based on a change in their resistance under the action of an electric field or semiconductor-based transducers.

Semiconductor devices may also comprise an assembly of multiple elements, regardless of whether the devices are provided with active and passive auxiliary functions or not.

For the purposes of this definition, “semiconductor-based transducers” are semiconductor-based sensors, semiconductor-based actuators, semiconductor-based resonators, and semiconductor-based generators that are varieties of discrete semiconductor-based devices that perform a given function and are capable of converting any physical or chemical phenomenon or effect into an electrical signal, or an electrical signal into some physical phenomenon or action.

All elements of transducers based on semiconductors are inextricably combined with each other, and can contain inseparably attached to them materials necessary for their design or functioning.

The following expressions have the following meanings:

(1) “semiconductor-based” means created or manufactured on a semiconductor substrate or made of semiconductor materials, in a semiconductor technology in which a semiconductor substrate or material plays an essential and irreplaceable role in the performance by a converter of its function, the operation of which is based on the properties of the semiconductor, including physical, electrical, chemical and optical properties;

(2) “physical or chemical phenomena” refers to phenomena such as pressure, acoustic waves, acceleration, vibration, motion, orientation, stress, magnetic field strength, electric field strength, light, radioactivity, humidity, flow rate, concentration of chemicals, etc.;

(3) "semiconductor-based sensor" is a type of semiconductor device consisting of microelectronic or mechanical structures that are created in the mass or on the surface of the semiconductor and having the function of determining the values of physical or chemical action and their conversion into electrical signals caused by a change in electrical properties or displacement of the mechanical structure.

(4) "semiconductor-based drive" is a type of semiconductor device consisting of microelectronic or mechanical structures that are created in the mass or on the surface of the semiconductor and having the function of converting electrical signals into physical motion;

(5) "semiconductor-based resonator" is a type of semiconductor device consisting of microelectronic or mechanical structures that are created in the mass or on the surface of the semiconductor, and having the function of generating mechanical or electrical oscillations of a given frequency, depending on the physical geometry of these structures responding to an external input signal;

(6) "semiconductor-based generator" is a type of semiconductor device consisting of microelectronic or mechanical structures that are created in the mass or on the surface of the semiconductor and having the function of generating mechanical or electrical oscillations of a given frequency, depending on the physical geometry of these structures;

(ii) "LEDs (LEDs)" are semiconductor devices based on semiconductor materials that convert electrical energy into visible, infrared or ultraviolet radiation, whether electrically connected or unconnected, combined with protective diodes or not combined. The LEDs of heading 8541 do not contain components intended to provide power supply or control power supply.

(b) "electronic integrated circuits":

(i) monolithic integrated circuits in which circuit elements (diodes, transistors, resistors, capacitors, inductances, etc.) are carried out in mass (mainly) and on the surface of a semiconductor or complex semiconductor material (for example, doped silicon, gallium arsenide, silicohermanium, indium phosphide) and are inseparably linked;

(ii) hybrid integrated circuits in which passive elements (resistors, capacitors, inductances, etc.) made by thin- or thick-film technology processes and active elements (diodes, transistors, monolithic integrated circuits, etc.) obtained by semiconductor technology processes are connected into a single inseparable whole by interconnections or connecting cables on a single insulating substrate (glass, ceramics, etc.). Such circuits may also contain discrete components;

(iii) multi-crystal integrated circuits consisting of two or more interconnected monolithic integrated circuits, inseparably combined into a single whole, located or not located on one or more insulating substrates, having or not having a frame with terminals, but containing no other active or passive elements;

(iv) multi-component integrated circuits consisting of one or more monolithic, hybrid or multi-crystal integrated circuits combined with at least one of the following components: silicon-based sensors, silicon-based actuators, silicon-based generators, silicon-based resonators or combinations thereof, or components performing the functions of articles classified in headings 8532, 8533, 8541, or inductors classified in heading 8504, inseparably combined in a single integrative form of a single integrated circuit, carried by means of a connection with a printed terminal or other terminal.

In this definition:

(1) “Components” may be discrete, produced independently, then installed on the rest of the multi-component integrated circuit, or integrated into other components;

(2) “Silicon-based” means that they are made on a silicon substrate, or are made of silicon, or are made on an integrated circuit chip;

(3)(a) “silicon-based sensors” consist of microelectronic or mechanical structures that are created in the mass or on the surface of the semiconductor and have the function of detecting physical or chemical phenomena and converting them into electrical signals caused by a change in electrical properties or displacement of the mechanical structure. “Physical or chemical phenomena” refer to phenomena such as pressure, acoustic waves, acceleration, vibration, motion, orientation, stress, magnetic field strength, electric field strength, light, radioactivity, humidity, flow rate, concentration of chemicals, etc.;

(b) “silicon-based actuators” consist of microelectronic and mechanical structures that are created in the mass or on the surface of the semiconductor and that have the function of converting electrical signals into physical motion;

(c) “silicon-based resonators” are components that consist of microelectronic or mechanical structures that are created in the mass or on the surface of a semiconductor and that have the function of generating mechanical or electrical oscillations of a given frequency depending on the physical geometry of these structures responding to an external input signal;

(d) “silicon-based generators” are active components that consist of microelectronic or mechanical structures that are created in the mass or on the surface of a semiconductor and that have the function of generating mechanical or electrical oscillations of a given frequency depending on the physical geometry of those structures.

In classifying the articles referred to in this note, headings 8541 and 8542 shall take precedence over any other heading of the Nomenclature which may include those articles in accordance with, in particular, their function, with the exception of heading 8523.

Subheading notes

English text as published in Annex I to Regulation (EU) 2021/1832 (Combined Nomenclature). The EAEU tariff and the EU nomenclature copy these notes from the same convention. For a Russian declaration the binding version is the Russian one: Annex to Decision No 80 of the EEC Council of 14 September 2021.

1. Subheading 8525 81 covers only high-speed television cameras, digital cameras and video camera recorders having one or more of the following characteristics: - writing speed exceeding 0,5 mm per microsecond; - time resolution 50 nanoseconds or less; - frame rate exceeding 225 000 frames per second.

2. In respect of subheading 8525 82, radiation-hardened or radiation-tolerant television cameras, digital cameras and video camera recorders are designed or shielded to enable operation in a high-radiation environment. These cameras are designed to withstand a total radiation dose of at least 50 × 103 Gy(silicon) (5 × 106 RAD (silicon)), without operational degradation.

3. Subheading 8525 83 covers night vision television cameras, digital cameras and video camera recorders which use a photocathode to convert available light to electrons, which can be amplified and converted to yield a visible image. This subheading excludes thermal imaging cameras (generally subheading 8525 89).

4. Subheading 8527 12 covers only cassette-players with built-in amplifier, without built-in loudspeaker, capable of operating without an external source of electric power and the dimensions of which do not exceed 170 mm × 100 mm × 45 mm.

5. For the purposes of subheadings 8549 11 to 8549 19, ‘spent primary cells, spent primary batteries and spent electric accumulators’ are those which are neither usable as such because of breakage, cutting-up, wear or other reasons, nor capable of being recharged.

Additional notes

Machine translation. The original is the Russian text of the EAEU tariff, and customs goes by it; this translation is for understanding only and has no legal force.

1. Subheadings 8519 20 100 0, 8519 30 000 0 and 8519 89 110 0 do not include sound-reproducing apparatus with a laser reading system.

2. Примечание к субпозиции 4 применимо при внесении соответствующих изменений к подсубпозициям 8519 81 150 0 и 8519 81 650.

3. For the purposes of subheadings 8528 71 150 0 and 8528 71 910 0 only, the term “modem” means devices or equipment which modulate outgoing and demodulate incoming signals, such as V.90 modems or cable modems and other devices which use similar technologies to access the Internet via WLAN, ISDN and Ethernet. Access to the Internet may be limited by the service provider.

The apparatus of these subheadings shall provide for a bidirectional communication process or a bidirectional flow of information in order to facilitate the interactive exchange of information.

Additional notes of the Eurasian Economic Union

Machine translation. The original is the Russian text of the EAEU tariff, and customs goes by it; this translation is for understanding only and has no legal force.

1. For the purposes of subheading 8542 31 100 1, the term “process not exceeding 32 nanometers” means a process for the manufacture of electronic integrated circuits in accordance with the technological standards of which the gates of the logical transistors of a microprocessor do not exceed 32 nanometers. Logical transistors are the main computational elements of a microprocessor that implement all arithmetic and logical operations. The gate is the control element of the transistor. Data on the technological process of manufacturing microprocessors are given in the manufacturer's technical documentation, which may be submitted by its authorized representative in the member states of the Eurasian Economic Union.

2. For the purposes of subheading 8535 90 000 1, the term “passage insulators” means devices attached to the flanges of the compartments of modules forming part of a complete switchgear of an elegasic unit (CSG) and intended to separate gas volumes between these compartments or to combine the various CSG modules into a single gas volume, as well as connections through the electrodes of conductors of the CSGM modules built into the passage insulators among themselves during the assembly of the CSGM. Passage insulators are gas dense and non-gas dense. With the help of gas-dense insulators, the gas volumes of KREE are separated. With the help of non-gas-dense insulators, various CSRE modules are combined into one gas volume. Passage insulators consist of a flange ring, a cast insulator and electrodes poured into the insulator.