8517 62 — Machines for the reception, conversion and transmission or regeneration of voice, images or other data, incl. switching and routing apparatus (excl. telephone sets, telephones for cellular networks or for other wireless networks)

8517 Telephone apparatus, including telephone apparatus for cellular communication networks or other wireless communication networks; other apparatus for transmitting or receiving voice, images or other data, including apparatus for communication on a wired or wireless communication network (e.g., in a local or global communication network), other than transmitting or receiving apparatus of heading 8443, 8525, 8527 or 8528 (+): telephone apparatus, including telephone apparatus for cellular communication networks or other wireless communication networks: 8517 11 – telephone apparatus for wired communication with a wireless tube 8517 12 – telephone apparatus for wireless communication networks or other wireless communication networks

8517 18 Other apparatus for transmitting or receiving voice, images, or other data, including apparatus for communicating in a wired or wireless network (e.g., in a local or wide area communication network), other: 8517 61 – base stations 8517 62 – machines for receiving, converting and transmitting or restoring voice, images, or other data, including switching devices and routers 8517 69 – the other 8517 70 – parts

This heading covers apparatus for transmitting or receiving speech or other sound signals, images or other data between two points by varying the electric current or optical wave for a wired communication network or by means of a filament-wave electromagnet for a wireless communication network. The signal can be analog or digital. Communication networks that may be interconnected include telephony, telegraphy, radiotelephony, radiotelegraphy, local and global communication networks. (i) Telephone devices, including telephone devices for cellular communication networks or other wireless communication networks, include: (a) Telephone devices for a wired communication network. Telephones for a wired communication network convert voice into signals for transmission to another device. When receiving a signal, a telephone for a wired communication network converts the signal back into voice. They consist of (1) a transmitter, which is a microphone that converts sound waves into modulated current. (2) A receiver (headphone or headphones) that converts the modulated current back into sound waves. In most cases, the transmitter and receiver are mounted in a single design called a microtelephone tube. In other cases, the transmitter and receiver are combined headphone and microphone, designed to be worn on the head of the user. (3) Self-listening suppression schemes that prevent sound from penetrating from the transmitter into the receiver of the same microtelephone tube. (4) A caller device that notifies a call. These can be both tone callers that produce sound electronically, and mechanical callers, such as calls or buzzers. Some telephones have silt light sources and lamps working together with a call device to visually alert an incoming call. (5) A switching device or “lever switch” which interrupts or transmits current from the network. It is usually triggered by a telephone handset, removed or returned to a lever switch.

(6) A dialing device that allows the caller to connect with the desired subscriber. The device set may be a button, or keyboard, type (tone) or drum, or rotating, type (pulse). When presented separately, microphones and receivers (combined or not combined in a microtelephone tube) and loudspeakers are classified in heading 8518, while calls and buzzers are classified in heading 8531. Telephone devices can include or be equipped with: memory for storing and calling telephone numbers; visual display for displaying dialed number, incoming call number, date and time, duration of conversation; additional loudspeaker and microphone for communication without using a microtelephone tube; devices for automatic response to calls, transmitting a recorded message, recording incoming messages and playing a recorded message on command; devices for maintaining a connection on the line when communicating with a person on another phone. Phones equipped with these devices may also have buttons to control the latter, including a switch that allows you to use the phone without removing the phone from the lever. Many of these devices use a microprocessor or digital integrated circuits to work. This heading includes all types of telephones, including: (i) wireless telephones consisting of a battery-powered radio-frequency receiving-transmitting micro-telephone tube together with a dialer, switch and radio-frequency receiving-transmitting base connected by wire to a telephone network (other wireless telephones may not have a micro-telephone tube, but contain a combined headphone-microphone, which is connected to a battery-powered portable radio-freceiver/transmitter with a telephone number collector and a combined telephone unit and a telephone network (ii) which comprise a commutor (computer) together with a conductor (computer) and a telephone unit) and a conductor (combined telephone). (B) Telephone devices for cellular communication networks or other wireless communication networks. This category includes telephones for use in any wireless communication network. Such telephones receive and emit radio waves that are received and relayed, for example, by base stations or satellites. This includes, inter alia: (1) Cell phones, or cell phones. (2) Satellite phones. (ii) OTHER AGREEMENT FOR TRANSPORTING OR ACCESSING VOICE, IMAGES OR OTHER DATA, INCLUDING COMMUNICATION EQUIPMENT IN A TRAVEL OR DIRECTIVE NETWORK (e.g., on a local or global communication network) (a) Base stations. The most common types of base stations are stations for cellular communication networks that receive and transmit radio waves received and emitted by cell phones or other wired or wireless communication networks. Every base station

It covers the geographical space (cell). If the user moves from one cell to another during a telephone conversation, the call is automatically transmitted from one cell to another without interruption. (B) Intercoms. These systems are usually sucked from a phone handset and keyboard or loudspeaker, microphone and keys. These systems are usually installed when entering a building with a certain number of residents. These systems allow visitors to call selected tenants by pressing appropriate keys and talking to them. (B) Videophones. Videophones for buildings, which are a combined device consisting essentially of a telephone for wired telephony, a television camera and a television receiver (transmission by cable). (D) Telegraph equipment other than fax machines of heading 8443. This apparatus is essentially designed to convert symbols, graphics, images or other data into corresponding electrical impulses for transmitting the latter, and on the receiving side to receive these impulses and convert them either into conventional symbols or displays representing symbols, graphics, images or other data, or directly into symbols, graphics, images or other data. Examples of such equipment include: (1) Message transmission equipment such as typing or keyboard transmitters (e.g., teletype transmitters). (2) Message reception equipment (e.g. teletype receivers). In some cases, the receiver and transmitter equipment is combined into a single transceiver. (3) Phototelegraph equipment. Auxiliary photographic equipment used by this apparatus (e.g., exhibited equipment) is classified in Chapter 90. (D) Telephone or telegraph switching equipment. (1) Automatic switches and telephone stations. They can be of different types. A distinctive feature of the switching system is the ability to provide an automatic connection between users in response to encoded signals. Automatic switches and telephone stations can operate by switching circuits, messages or packets using microprocessors to connect a subscriber electronically. Many automatic switches and telephone stations include analog-digital converters, digital-to-analog converters, data compression and deployment devices (codecs), modems, multiplexers, computing machines, and other devices that allow simultaneous transmission of both analog and digital signals over the network, which provides integrated transmission of speech, other sounds, signs, graphics, images or other information. Some automatic switches and telephone stations consist essentially of selectors that select the communication line corresponding to the pulses received from the calling devices and establish a connection. They work.

automatically or directly by the impulses emitted by the calling apparatus, or through auxiliary devices such as directors. The various types of selectors (preselectors, intermediate selectors, final selectors) and any directors used are often assembled in rows and in groups of the same type on chassis, which are then mounted in the exchange on metal racks. In small installations in particular, however, they may all be mounted on a single rack to form a self-contained telephone exchange. Automatic switchboards and exchanges may also provide facilities such as abbreviated dialling, call waiting, call forwarding, multi-party calling, voice mail, etc. These facilities are used from the subscriber's telephone via the telephone network. They are used in public or private networks which use private telephone systems connected to the public network. Automatic switchboards and exchanges may also be equipped with consoles, similar to telephone sets, for servicing or for intervention in their operation by an operator when necessary. (2) Non-automatic switchboards and exchanges. These consist of a framework on which are mounted various manual switching devices. The operator is required to connect manually each call received by the switchboard or exchange. They include "call" or "clear" indicators to signal that a call has been made or that the connection is no longer required; operators' telephone sets (sometimes specially mounted); switching devices (jacks or sockets and plugs connected to a cord); key switches, electrically connected to the plugs and cords, enabling the operator to answer the calling party, monitor the progress of the call and note its completion. (F) Transmission and reception apparatus for radio-telephony or radio-telegraphy. This category includes: (1) Fixed apparatus for radio-telephony and radio-telegraphy (transmitters, receivers and transceivers). Certain types, used mainly in large installations, incorporate special devices such as secrecy devices (e.g., spectrum inverters), multiplex devices (used for sending more than two messages simultaneously) and certain receivers, known as diversity receivers, which use multi-channel reception methods to overcome signal fading. (2) Radio transmitters and radio receivers for simultaneous interpretation at multilingual conferences. (3) Automatic transmitters and special receivers for distress signals from ships, aircraft, etc. (4) Transmitters, receivers or transceivers of telemetry signals. (5) Radio-telephony apparatus, including receiving apparatus for radio-telephony signals, for motor vehicles, ships, aircraft, trains, etc.

(6) Portable receivers, usually battery-operated, e.g., portable receivers for calling, alerting or paging. (G) Other communication apparatus. This category covers apparatus for connecting wired and wireless communication networks or for the transmission or reception of voice or other sounds, images or other data within such a network. Communication networks include, inter alia, high-frequency line systems, digital line systems and combinations thereof. They may be configured, for example, as public switched telephone networks, local, regional and global networks, whether of private or open configuration. They include: (1) Network interface cards (e.g., Ethernet interface cards). (2) Modems (combined modulators-demodulators). (3) Network routers, bridges and hubs, repeaters and channel adapters. (4) Multiplexers and associated line equipment (e.g., transmitters, receivers or electro-optical converters). (5) Data compression and decompression devices (codecs), which also have the capability of transmitting and receiving digital information. (6) Pulse-to-tone converters, which convert pulse dialling signals into tone signals. PARTS Subject to the general provisions regarding the classification of parts (see the General Explanatory Note to Section XVI), parts of the apparatus of this heading are also classified in this heading. The heading also excludes: (a) facsimile machines (heading 8443); (b) perforating machines, electric or not, used for perforating paper tapes ready for use in automatic telegraph apparatus (heading 8472); (c) inductance coils for insertion in telephone or telegraph line circuits (heading 8504); (d) primary cells, batteries and accumulators (heading 8506 or 8507); (e) telephone answering machines designed for use with a telephone set but not forming an integral part of the set (heading 8519); (f) apparatus for the transmission or reception of radio-broadcasting or television signals (headings 8525, 8527 or 8528); (g) electric bells or indicators (e.g., luminous indicators actuated by the dial of a telephone) (heading 8531); (h) relays and switching apparatus, e.g., selectors for automatic telephone exchanges (heading 8536); (ij) insulated electric wires, cables, etc., whether or not fitted with connectors, including plug-ended cords for switchboards (heading 8544); (k) telecommunication satellites (heading 8802);

(l) telephone call recorders and counters (Chapter 90); (m) RF receivers and RF transmitters which form a single unit with analog or digital telemetry devices or apparatus or which together with the latter form a functional unit defined by Note 3 to Chapter 90 (Chapter 90); (n) calculographs (Time Recorders) (heading 9106); (o) monopores, bipeds, tripods and the like articles (heading 9620). Explanation of the subheading. Subheading 8517 62 This subheading covers wireless tubes or base units when presented separately.

Notes

Machine translation. The original is the Russian text of the EAEU tariff, and customs goes by it; this translation is for understanding only and has no legal force.

1. This group does not include:

(a) blankets, mattresses, pillows, foot warmers, electrically heated or similar articles; clothing, shoes or headphones or other electrically heated articles used by a person;

(b) glass articles of heading 7011;

(c) machinery and apparatus of heading 8486;

(d) vacuum apparatus used in the medical, surgical, dental or veterinary fields of science (heading 9018); or

(e) Electrically heated furniture of Chapter 94.

2. Headings 8501 to 8504 do not cover the goods of heading 8511, 8512, 8540, 8541 or 8542.

However, mercury arc rectifiers with metal reservoirs are classified in heading 8504.

3. For the purposes of heading 8507, the term “electrical accumulators” applies to electric accumulators presented with additional components that contribute to the storage and supply of energy to the battery or protect it from damage, such as electrical connectors, thermostats (e.g., thermistors) and protective devices. They may also include a portion of the protective casing of the goods in which they will be used.

4. Heading 8509 covers only the following types of electromechanical machinery commonly used in household use:

(a) canvases, food grinders, mixers and juicers for fruits or vegetables of any mass;

(b) other machines weighing not more than 20 kg.

Однако данная товарная позиция не включает вентиляторы или вентиляционные или рециркуляционные вытяжные колпаки или шкафы с вентилятором, с фильтрами или без фильтров (товарная позиция 8414), центробежные сушилки для белья (товарная позиция 8421), посудомоечные машины (товарная позиция 8422), бытовые стиральные машины (товарная позиция 8450), валковые или другие гладильные машины (товарная позиция 8420 или 8451), швейные машины (товарная позиция 8452), электрические ножницы (товарная позиция 8467) или электронагревательные приборы (товарная позиция 8516).

5. For the purposes of heading 8517, the term “smartphones” means telephones for cellular communication networks equipped with a mobile operating system designed to perform computer functions, such as the downloading and simultaneous operation of several applications, including third-party applications, whether or not other components, such as digital cameras and navigation systems, are embedded therein.

6. In heading 8523:

(a) “solid state-of-the-art non-volatile storage devices” (e.g., “flash memory cards” or “electronic flash memory cards”) mean connector storage devices comprising one or more flash memory devices (e.g., “Flash ES ROMs”) in the form of integrated circuits installed on a printed circuit board. They may include an integrated circuit controller and discrete passive components such as capacitors and resistors.

(b) the term “smart cards” means cards that have one or more electronic integrated circuits (a microprocessor, randomly sampled memory (ROM) or permanent memory (ROM)) in the form of crystals. These cards may have contacts, a magnetic strip, or a built-in antenna, but they do not contain any other active or passive elements.

7. For the purposes of heading 8524, the expression “flat display panel modules” refers to display devices or apparatus equipped with at least a display screen which are designed to be incorporated into the articles of other headings before use. In shape, the display screens of such modules can be flat, curved, flexible, folding, stretching or other shapes. Flat display panel modules may include additional components, including those necessary for receiving video signals and distributing them across screen pixels. Heading 8524, however, does not include display modules equipped with components for converting video signals (e.g., a video format conversion integrated circuit, a decoder integrated circuit or an application processor) or otherwise having assumed the character of articles of other headings.

In classifying the flat panel modules referred to in this note, heading 8524 takes precedence over any other heading of the Nomenclature.

8. For the purposes of heading 8534, the term “printed circuits” means circuits made by forming on an insulating substrate by any printing process (e.g., electroplating, etching) or by “film” technology of conductors, contacts, or other printed elements (e.g., inductances, resistors, capacitors) individually or in a particular order, with the exception of elements which are capable of producing, straightening, modulating, or amplifying an electrical signal (e.g., semiconductor elements).

The term "printed circuits" does not include circuits combined with elements other than those obtained in the printing process, as well as individual discrete resistors, capacitors or inductors. Printed circuits, however, may be equipped with connecting elements manufactured by a technology other than printing.

Thin or thick-film circuits employing passive and active elements obtained in the same process are classified in heading 8542.

9. For the purposes of heading 8536, the term “connectors for fibers of optical, fiber-optic harnesses or cables” means connectors which simply mechanically connect the ends of optical fibers in a digital link system. They do not perform any other function, such as amplifying, restoring, or changing a signal.

10. Heading 8537 excludes wireless infrared devices for remote control of television receivers or other electrical equipment (heading 8543).

11. For the purposes of heading 8539, the expression “LED light sources” covers:

(a) "LED modules" are electric light sources based on LEDs connected in electrical circuits and containing additional components such as electrical, mechanical, thermal or optical elements. For supply or control of power, these modules also contain discrete active elements, discrete passive elements or articles of heading 8536 or 8542. LED modules (LED) are not equipped with a cap, facilitating installation or replacement in the lamp, and providing mechanical and electrical contact;

(b) "LED lamps" are electrical light sources containing one or more LED modules containing additional components such as electrical, mechanical, thermal or optical elements. The difference between LED modules (LED) and LED lamps (LED) is that the latter have a cap that facilitates installation or replacement in the lamp, and provides mechanical and electrical contact.

12. In headings 8541 and 8542:

(a) (i) “semiconductor devices” means semiconductor devices whose operation is based on a change in their resistance under the action of an electric field or semiconductor-based transducers.

Semiconductor devices may also comprise an assembly of multiple elements, regardless of whether the devices are provided with active and passive auxiliary functions or not.

For the purposes of this definition, “semiconductor-based transducers” are semiconductor-based sensors, semiconductor-based actuators, semiconductor-based resonators, and semiconductor-based generators that are varieties of discrete semiconductor-based devices that perform a given function and are capable of converting any physical or chemical phenomenon or effect into an electrical signal, or an electrical signal into some physical phenomenon or action.

All elements of transducers based on semiconductors are inextricably combined with each other, and can contain inseparably attached to them materials necessary for their design or functioning.

The following expressions have the following meanings:

(1) “semiconductor-based” means created or manufactured on a semiconductor substrate or made of semiconductor materials, in a semiconductor technology in which a semiconductor substrate or material plays an essential and irreplaceable role in the performance by a converter of its function, the operation of which is based on the properties of the semiconductor, including physical, electrical, chemical and optical properties;

(2) “physical or chemical phenomena” refers to phenomena such as pressure, acoustic waves, acceleration, vibration, motion, orientation, stress, magnetic field strength, electric field strength, light, radioactivity, humidity, flow rate, concentration of chemicals, etc.;

(3) "semiconductor-based sensor" is a type of semiconductor device consisting of microelectronic or mechanical structures that are created in the mass or on the surface of the semiconductor and having the function of determining the values of physical or chemical action and their conversion into electrical signals caused by a change in electrical properties or displacement of the mechanical structure.

(4) "semiconductor-based drive" is a type of semiconductor device consisting of microelectronic or mechanical structures that are created in the mass or on the surface of the semiconductor and having the function of converting electrical signals into physical motion;

(5) "semiconductor-based resonator" is a type of semiconductor device consisting of microelectronic or mechanical structures that are created in the mass or on the surface of the semiconductor, and having the function of generating mechanical or electrical oscillations of a given frequency, depending on the physical geometry of these structures responding to an external input signal;

(6) "semiconductor-based generator" is a type of semiconductor device consisting of microelectronic or mechanical structures that are created in the mass or on the surface of the semiconductor and having the function of generating mechanical or electrical oscillations of a given frequency, depending on the physical geometry of these structures;

(ii) "LEDs (LEDs)" are semiconductor devices based on semiconductor materials that convert electrical energy into visible, infrared or ultraviolet radiation, whether electrically connected or unconnected, combined with protective diodes or not combined. The LEDs of heading 8541 do not contain components intended to provide power supply or control power supply.

(b) "electronic integrated circuits":

(i) monolithic integrated circuits in which circuit elements (diodes, transistors, resistors, capacitors, inductances, etc.) are carried out in mass (mainly) and on the surface of a semiconductor or complex semiconductor material (for example, doped silicon, gallium arsenide, silicohermanium, indium phosphide) and are inseparably linked;

(ii) hybrid integrated circuits in which passive elements (resistors, capacitors, inductances, etc.) made by thin- or thick-film technology processes and active elements (diodes, transistors, monolithic integrated circuits, etc.) obtained by semiconductor technology processes are connected into a single inseparable whole by interconnections or connecting cables on a single insulating substrate (glass, ceramics, etc.). Such circuits may also contain discrete components;

(iii) multi-crystal integrated circuits consisting of two or more interconnected monolithic integrated circuits, inseparably combined into a single whole, located or not located on one or more insulating substrates, having or not having a frame with terminals, but containing no other active or passive elements;

(iv) multi-component integrated circuits consisting of one or more monolithic, hybrid or multi-crystal integrated circuits combined with at least one of the following components: silicon-based sensors, silicon-based actuators, silicon-based generators, silicon-based resonators or combinations thereof, or components performing the functions of articles classified in headings 8532, 8533, 8541, or inductors classified in heading 8504, inseparably combined in a single integrative form of a single integrated circuit, carried by means of a connection with a printed terminal or other terminal.

In this definition:

(1) “Components” may be discrete, produced independently, then installed on the rest of the multi-component integrated circuit, or integrated into other components;

(2) “Silicon-based” means that they are made on a silicon substrate, or are made of silicon, or are made on an integrated circuit chip;

(3)(a) “silicon-based sensors” consist of microelectronic or mechanical structures that are created in the mass or on the surface of the semiconductor and have the function of detecting physical or chemical phenomena and converting them into electrical signals caused by a change in electrical properties or displacement of the mechanical structure. “Physical or chemical phenomena” refer to phenomena such as pressure, acoustic waves, acceleration, vibration, motion, orientation, stress, magnetic field strength, electric field strength, light, radioactivity, humidity, flow rate, concentration of chemicals, etc.;

(b) “silicon-based actuators” consist of microelectronic and mechanical structures that are created in the mass or on the surface of the semiconductor and that have the function of converting electrical signals into physical motion;

(c) “silicon-based resonators” are components that consist of microelectronic or mechanical structures that are created in the mass or on the surface of a semiconductor and that have the function of generating mechanical or electrical oscillations of a given frequency depending on the physical geometry of these structures responding to an external input signal;

(d) “silicon-based generators” are active components that consist of microelectronic or mechanical structures that are created in the mass or on the surface of a semiconductor and that have the function of generating mechanical or electrical oscillations of a given frequency depending on the physical geometry of those structures.

In classifying the articles referred to in this note, headings 8541 and 8542 shall take precedence over any other heading of the Nomenclature which may include those articles in accordance with, in particular, their function, with the exception of heading 8523.

Subheading notes

English text as published in Annex I to Regulation (EU) 2021/1832 (Combined Nomenclature). The EAEU tariff and the EU nomenclature copy these notes from the same convention. For a Russian declaration the binding version is the Russian one: Annex to Decision No 80 of the EEC Council of 14 September 2021.

1. Subheading 8525 81 covers only high-speed television cameras, digital cameras and video camera recorders having one or more of the following characteristics: - writing speed exceeding 0,5 mm per microsecond; - time resolution 50 nanoseconds or less; - frame rate exceeding 225 000 frames per second.

2. In respect of subheading 8525 82, radiation-hardened or radiation-tolerant television cameras, digital cameras and video camera recorders are designed or shielded to enable operation in a high-radiation environment. These cameras are designed to withstand a total radiation dose of at least 50 × 103 Gy(silicon) (5 × 106 RAD (silicon)), without operational degradation.

3. Subheading 8525 83 covers night vision television cameras, digital cameras and video camera recorders which use a photocathode to convert available light to electrons, which can be amplified and converted to yield a visible image. This subheading excludes thermal imaging cameras (generally subheading 8525 89).

4. Subheading 8527 12 covers only cassette-players with built-in amplifier, without built-in loudspeaker, capable of operating without an external source of electric power and the dimensions of which do not exceed 170 mm × 100 mm × 45 mm.

5. For the purposes of subheadings 8549 11 to 8549 19, ‘spent primary cells, spent primary batteries and spent electric accumulators’ are those which are neither usable as such because of breakage, cutting-up, wear or other reasons, nor capable of being recharged.

Additional notes

Machine translation. The original is the Russian text of the EAEU tariff, and customs goes by it; this translation is for understanding only and has no legal force.

1. Subheadings 8519 20 100 0, 8519 30 000 0 and 8519 89 110 0 do not include sound-reproducing apparatus with a laser reading system.

2. Примечание к субпозиции 4 применимо при внесении соответствующих изменений к подсубпозициям 8519 81 150 0 и 8519 81 650.

3. For the purposes of subheadings 8528 71 150 0 and 8528 71 910 0 only, the term “modem” means devices or equipment which modulate outgoing and demodulate incoming signals, such as V.90 modems or cable modems and other devices which use similar technologies to access the Internet via WLAN, ISDN and Ethernet. Access to the Internet may be limited by the service provider.

The apparatus of these subheadings shall provide for a bidirectional communication process or a bidirectional flow of information in order to facilitate the interactive exchange of information.

Additional notes of the Eurasian Economic Union

Machine translation. The original is the Russian text of the EAEU tariff, and customs goes by it; this translation is for understanding only and has no legal force.

1. For the purposes of subheading 8542 31 100 1, the term “process not exceeding 32 nanometers” means a process for the manufacture of electronic integrated circuits in accordance with the technological standards of which the gates of the logical transistors of a microprocessor do not exceed 32 nanometers. Logical transistors are the main computational elements of a microprocessor that implement all arithmetic and logical operations. The gate is the control element of the transistor. Data on the technological process of manufacturing microprocessors are given in the manufacturer's technical documentation, which may be submitted by its authorized representative in the member states of the Eurasian Economic Union.

2. For the purposes of subheading 8535 90 000 1, the term “passage insulators” means devices attached to the flanges of the compartments of modules forming part of a complete switchgear of an elegasic unit (CSG) and intended to separate gas volumes between these compartments or to combine the various CSG modules into a single gas volume, as well as connections through the electrodes of conductors of the CSGM modules built into the passage insulators among themselves during the assembly of the CSGM. Passage insulators are gas dense and non-gas dense. With the help of gas-dense insulators, the gas volumes of KREE are separated. With the help of non-gas-dense insulators, various CSRE modules are combined into one gas volume. Passage insulators consist of a flange ring, a cast insulator and electrodes poured into the insulator.