2936 27 — Vitamin C and its derivatives, used primarily as vitamins

2936 Provitamins and vitamins, natural or reproduced by synthesis (including natural concentrates), derivatives thereof used primarily as vitamins, and intermixtures of the foregoing, whether or not in any solvent (+): – vitamins and their derivatives, unmixed: 2936 21 – – vitamins A and their derivatives 2936 22 – – vitamin B1 and its derivatives 2936 23 – – vitamin B2 and its derivatives 2936 24 – – D- or DL-pantothenic acid (vitamin B 3 or vitamin B 5) and its derivatives 2936 25 – – vitamin B6 and its derivatives 2936 26 – – vitamin B12 and its derivatives 2936 27 – – vitamin C and its derivatives 2936 28 – – vitamin E and its derivatives 2936 29 – – other vitamins and their derivatives 2936 90 – other, including natural concentrates

Vitamins are active substances, usually having a complex chemical composition and obtained from the external environment; they are of great importance for the proper functioning of human or animal organisms. They are not synthesized in the human body and therefore must come in ready-made or almost ready-made form (provitamins) from the external environment. They are effective in relatively small amounts and can be considered as exogenous biocatalysts, their absence or deficiency leads to the development of a biocatalyst.

96 metabolic disorders or "diseases of deficiency". This heading covers: (a) provitamins and vitamins, natural or synthesized, and their derivatives, used mainly as vitamins; (b) concentrates of natural vitamins (for example, vitamin A or vitamin D), which are enriched forms of these vitamins. These concentrates can be used as such (e.g., as doba avoca to animal feeds) or can be processed to obtain a vitamin; (c) mixtures of vitamins, provitamins or concentrates, such as, for example, natural concentrates of vitamins A and D in various proportions, which were then injected additionally in certain amounts of vitamins A or D; (d) the above substances diluted with any solvent (e.g., ethyloleate, propane-1,2-diol, vegetable oils). The products of this heading may be stabilized for their preservation or transportation: by the addition of antioxidants, by the addition of anti-tracking agents (e.g., carbohydrates), by a coating of the relevant substance (e.g., gelatin, paraffin, or fats) with or without plasticizers, or by adsorption on the relevant substances (e.g., silicic acid), provided that the amount of substances added or the degree of processing in no case exceeds the quantity and degree necessary for their preservation or transportation, and that the substances added or processing do not alter the properties of the main product for different purposes. List of compounds to be regarded as provitamins or vitamins, subject to the definition of heading 2936. The list of products in each of the following paragraphs is not exhaustive. The listed compounds should be considered only as examples. (A) Provitamins D. (1) Unirradiated ergosterol or provitamin D2. Ergosterol is found in rye ergot, in beer yeast, in mushrooms and other fungal organisms. It does not have vitamin activity. White flakes, yellowing in air; not soluble in water, but soluble in alcohol and benzene. (2) Unirradiated 7-dehydrocholesterol or provitamin D3. Contained in animal skin. Extracted from sheep fat or from by-products obtained in the production of lecithin. Plates not soluble in water but soluble in organic solvents. (3) Unirradiated 22,23-dihydroergosterol or provitamin D4. (4) Unirradiated 7-dehydro-β-sitosterol or provitamin D5. (5) Unirradiated ergosterol acetate.

97 (6) Unirradiated acetate of 7-dehydrocholesterol. (7) Unirradiated acetate 22,23-dihydroergosterol. (B) Vitamins A and their derivatives, used mainly as vitamins, Group A vitamins (growth vitamins or antioxerophthalmic substances) are of great importance for the normal development of the whole organism, especially the skin, bones and retina. They contribute to the preservation of a healthy infection-resistant section of epithelial tissue and are necessary for normal reproductive function and lactation. They are fat-soluble and usually do not dissolve in water. (1) Vitamin A1 alcohol (axeroftol, retinol (INN)). Vitamin A1 aldehyde (retinen-1, retinal). Vitamin A1 acid (tretinoin (INN), retinoic acid). Vitamin A 1 is contained in the form of alcohol or fatty acid esters in animal products (sea fish, dairy products, eggs). It is extracted mainly from fresh fish oil, but can be obtained by synthesis. At room temperature, the solid oily substance is yellow, when cooled, forms yellow crystals. Because this substance is unstable in air, it is often stabilized by adding antioxidants. (2) Vitamin A2 alcohol (3-dehydroaxeroftol, 3-dehydroretinol). Vitamin A2 aldehyde (retinene-2,3-dehydroretinal). Vitamin A2 is less common in nature than vitamin A1. It is extracted from freshwater fish. The alcohol form of vitamin A2 does not crystallize; the aldehyde form, however, exists as orange crystals. (3) Vitamin A acetate, palmitate and other fatty acid esters. These foods are derived from synthetic vitamin A; they are all easily oxidized. Acetate is a yellow powder, and palmitate is a yellow liquid that crystallizes in its pure form. (C) Vitamin B1 and its derivatives, used primarily as vitamins, Vitamin B1 is an antineurotic vitamin and plays an important role in the prevention of beriberi disease. It is also important in carbohydrate metabolism. This vitamin is used to treat polyneuritis, gastrointestinal disorders, as well as to improve appetite. This vitamin is soluble in water and is not very resistant to heat. (1) Vitamin B 1 (thiamine (INN), aneurin). Thiamine is found in most animal and plant tissues (for example, in the shell of grains of cereals, beer yeast, pork, liver, dairy products, eggs, etc.); usually obtained by synthesis. It is a white crystalline powder that is stable in air. (2) Thiamine hydrochloride. White crystalline powder. Hygroscopic, not very stable. (3) Thiamine mononitrate. White crystalline powder, quite stable. (4) Thiamine-1,5-salt (aneurin-1,5-salt, aneuryna naphthalene-1,5-disulfonate). (5) Thiamine salicylate hydrochloride (aneuryna salicylate hydrochloride).

98 (6) Thiamine salicylate hydrobromide (aneurine salicylate hydrobromide). (7) Iodothiamine. (8) Iodothiamine hydrochloride. (9) Iodothiamine hydriodide. (10) Orthophosphoric ester of vitamin B1 or thiamine orthophosphate, and the mono- and dihydrochloride and the monophosphate of this ester. (11) Vitamin B1 nicotinate. (D) VITAMIN B2 AND ITS DERIVATIVES USED PRIMARILY AS VITAMINS Vitamin B2 is a nutritional factor and a growth stimulant; it plays an important biological role in the assimilation of carbohydrates. It is soluble in water and stable to heat. (1) Vitamin B2 (riboflavin (INN), lactoflavin). Riboflavin is found together with vitamin B1 in many foodstuffs and other products. It is extracted from still residues, from fermentation products and also from the liver of cattle, but as a rule it is obtained by synthesis. Orange-yellow crystals, fairly sensitive to light. (2) 5'-Orthophosphoric ester of riboflavin (or riboflavin 5'-orthophosphate) and its sodium or diethanolamine salt. These products are more readily soluble in water than riboflavin. (3) (Hydroxymethyl)riboflavin or methylolriboflavin. (E) D- OR DL-PANTOTHENIC ACID (ALSO KNOWN AS VITAMIN B3 OR VITAMIN B5) AND DERIVATIVES OF THESE COMPOUNDS USED PRIMARILY AS VITAMINS These compounds prevent the greying of hair, promote the development of healthy skin and play a considerable role in fat and carbohydrate metabolism. They are of great importance for the functioning of the glands and the liver, and also for the gastro-intestinal tract and the respiratory passages. The compounds are soluble in water. (1) D- or DL-pantothenic acid (N-(α,γ-dihydroxy-β,β-dimethylbutyryl)-β-alanine). This vitamin is also known as vitamin B3 or vitamin B5. It is found in all living cells and tissues (e.g., in the liver and kidneys of mammals, in the seed coat of rice, in brewer's yeast, milk, unrefined molasses, etc.). It is obtained mainly by synthesis. Yellow viscous oil; dissolves slowly in water and in most organic solvents. (2) Sodium D- and DL-pantothenate. (3) Calcium D- and DL-pantothenate. White powder, soluble in water. The most common form of vitamin B3. (4) Pantothenyl alcohol or panthenol (D- and DL-) (α,γ-dihydroxy-N-3-hydroxypropyl-β,β-dimethylbutyramide). Thick liquid, soluble in water. (5) Ethyl ether of D-panthenol (D-α,γ-dihydroxy-N-3-ethoxypropyl-β,β-dimethylbutyramide). Viscous liquid; miscible with water and readily soluble in organic solvents. (F) VITAMIN B6 AND ITS DERIVATIVES USED PRIMARILY AS VITAMINS

99 Vitamin B6 is an antidermatitis vitamin (protection of the skin). It also plays an important role in the activity of the nervous system, in nutrition and amino acid, protein and fat metabolism. It is used to reduce nausea during pregnancy or after surgery. Soluble in water and quite sensitive to light. (1) Pyridoxine (INN) or adermine (pyridoxole) (3-hydroxy-4,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpyridine). Pyridoxal (4-formyl-3-hydroxy-5-hydroxymethyl-2-methylpyridine). Pyridoxamine (4-aminomethyl-3-hydroxy-5-hydroxymethyl-2-methylpyridine). These three forms of vitamin B 6 are found in beer yeast, sugar cane, the outer shell of grains of cereals, rice bran, wheat grain oil, flaxseed oil, and in the liver, meat and fat of mammals and fish. Vitamin is almost always obtained by synthesis. (2) Pyridoxine hydrochloride. Pyridoxine orthophosphate. Pyridoxine tripalmitate (trypalmitic pyridoxine ester). Pyridoxal hydrochloride. Pyridoxamine dihydrochloride. Pyridoxamine phosphate. These are the usual forms of vitamin B6. Colorless crystals or flakes. (3) The complex orthophosphorus ester of pyridoxine and its sodium salt. The complex orthophosphoric ester of pyridoxal and its sodium salt. The complex orthophosphoric ester of pyridoxamine and its sodium salt. (G) Vitamin B9 and its derivatives, used primarily as vitamins, Vitamin B9 plays an important role in the formation of blood cells and is an effective treatment for pernicious anemia. It is found in spinach and green plants, in beer yeast and in the liver of animals, but it is obtained, as a rule, by synthesis. (1) Vitamin B9 (folic acid (INN) or pteroylglutamic acid) and the sodium salt and calcium salt of this vitamin. (2) Folinic acid (INNM) (5-formyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropteroylglutamic acid).

(H) VITAMIN B12 (CYANOCOBALAMIN (INN)) AND OTHER COBALAMINS (HYDROXOCOBALAMIN (INN), METHYLCOBALAMIN, NITRITOCOBALAMIN, SULPHITOCOBALAMIN, ETC.) AND THEIR DERIVATIVES Vitamin B12 is an even more effective agent than vitamin B9 in the treatment of pernicious anaemia. It has a high molecular weight and contains cobalt. It is found in various forms in the liver and meat of mammals and fish, in eggs and in milk. It is obtained from spent culture liquors in the manufacture of antibiotics, from sugar beet molasses, whey, etc. Dark red crystals, soluble in water.

(IJ) Vitamin C and its derivatives, used primarily as vitamins, Vitamin C is an anti-scurvy vitamin that increases the body’s resistance to infection. Dissolve in water. (1) Vitamin C (L-or DL-ascorbic acid (INN)). Ascorbic acid is found in many foods of plant (fruits and green vegetables, potatoes, etc.) or animal (liver, spleen, adrenal glands, brain, milk, etc.) origin; it can be isolated from lemon juice, green and red pepper, green anise leaf, as well as from residual solution after processing agave fibers. Currently, vitamin C is obtained almost exclusively by synthesis. This white crystalline powder, quite persistent in dry air, acts as a strong reducing agent. (2) Sodium ascorbate. (3) Calcium ascorbate and magnesium ascorbate. (4) L-Ascorbocinchoninate strontium (L-ascorbo-2-phenylquinoline-4-carboxylate strontium). (5) Ascorbate sarcosine. (6) Ascorbate L-arginine. (7) Ascorbil palmitate. This fat-soluble form of vitamin C is also used as an emulsifier and antioxidant for fats and oils. (8) Calcium hypophosphytoascorbate. (9) Sodium ascorboglutamate. (10) Calcium ascorboglutamate. (K) Vitamins D and their derivatives used primarily as vitamins D are drugs that prevent the development of rickets. They contribute to the absorption of phosphorus and calcium in the body and the formation of teeth and bones; these are fat-soluble compounds. They are obtained by activating or irradiating various provitamins D, which are sterols or derivatives thereof, usually produced and transformed by the body itself. (1) Vitamin D2 and its derivatives with similar activity: (a) vitamin D2 or activated or irradiated ergosterol (calciferol, ergocalciferol). White crystalline powder, yellowing in air under the influence of light and heat; insoluble in water, soluble in fats. Contained in cocoa beans and fish liver; usually obtained by activating or irradiating provitamin D2; (b) vitamin D2 acetate and other fatty acid esters. (2) Vitamin D3 and its derivatives with similar activity: (a) vitamin D3 or activated or irradiated 7-dehydrocholesterol (cholecalciferol). White crystalline powder. In air, it slowly decomposes; insoluble in water, dissolves in fats. It can be extracted from fish oil and fish liver, but is usually obtained by activating or irradiating provitamin D3. It has a stronger activity than vitamin D2.

(b) Activated or irradiated acetate 7-dehydrocholesterol and esters of other vitamin D3 fatty acids; (c) vitamin D3-cholesterol, a molecular compound. (3) Vitamin D4 or activated or irradiated 22.23-dihydroergosterol. White flakes; lower biological activity compared to vitamin D2. (4) Vitamin D5 or activated or irradiated 7-dehydro-β-sitosterol. (L) Vitamin E and its derivatives, used mainly as vitamins, Vitamin E is used for the prevention of infertility and plays an important role in the activity of the nervous and muscular systems. Soluble in fat. (1) Vitamin E or (D- and DL-) α-tocopherol; β- and γ-tocopherol. Tocopherol is found in various products of plant and animal origin (for example, in cocoa beans and cotton seeds, vegetable oils, leaves of legumes, lettuce leaves, alfalfa, dairy products). It is extracted mainly from the oil of wheat grain sprouts. Racemic isomers are obtained by synthesis. Colorless oil, insoluble in water, dissolves in alcohol, benzene and fat x; in the absence of oxygen and light, the compound is resistant to heating. Antioxidative properties allow it to be used as an inhibitor for fats and foods. (2) α-Tocopheryl acetate and α-tocopheryl hydrosuccinate; α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol succinate. (3) α-Tocopheryl phosphate disodium. (4) Tocopheryldiaminoacetate. (M) Vitamin H and its derivatives, used primarily as vitamins, are necessary for the growth of certain microorganisms; it is of great importance for the development of healthy skin, muscle and nervous systems. Soluble in water and resistant to heat. (1) Vitamin H, or biotin. Biotin is found in the egg yolk, in the kidneys and liver, in milk, beer yeast, molasses, etc. It's made by synthesis. (2) Biotin methyl ester complex. (N) Vitamins K and their derivatives, used mainly as vitamins K - antihemorrhagic factors; they contribute to blood clotting by maintaining prothrombin levels and increasing capillary resistance. (1) Vitamin K1: (a) phytomenadione (INN), phylloquinone, phytonadione, or 3-fitylmenadione (2-methyl-3-fityl-1,4-naphtoquinone). Extracted from dry alfalfa, is also contained in leaves of hazelnut and chestnut, shoots of barley and oats, cabbage, cauliflower, spinach, tomatoes, vegetable oil, etc. It's made by synthesis. Light yellow oil, soluble in fats; resistant to heat, but unstable to the action of sunlight; (b) vitamin K 1 oxide (epoxide) (2 -methyl-3-fityl-1,4-naphtoquinone-2,3-oxide or 2-methyl-3-fityl-2,3-epoxy-2,3-dihydro-1,4-naphtoquinone);

(c) dihydrophylloquinone (3-dihydrophytyl-2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone). (2) Vitamin K2 or farnoquinone (3-difarnesyl-2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone). Extracted from putrefied sardine meal. Less active than vitamin K 1. Yellow crystals, very unstable to light. (O) VITAMIN PP AND ITS DERIVATIVES USED PRIMARILY AS VITAMINS Vitamin PP is the antipellagra vitamin; it is of great importance for growth, oxidation, cellular respiration, and protein and carbohydrate metabolism. (1) Nicotinic acid (INN) (pyridine-β-carboxylic acid, niacin). Obtained from products of animal origin (e.g., raw meat, liver, kidneys of mammals and certain kinds of fish) and from products of vegetable origin (brewer's yeast, cereal germs and pericarps, etc.). Obtained by synthesis. Colourless crystals, soluble in alcohol and fats; relatively stable to heat and oxidation. (2) Sodium nicotinate. (3) Calcium nicotinate. (4) Nicotinamide (INN) (nicotinic acid amide, niacinamide). Its sources, properties and uses are the same as those of nicotinic acid. Obtained by synthesis. Soluble in water and stable to heat. (5) Nicotinamide hydrochloride. (6) Nicotinomorpholide. EXCLUSIONS This heading does not cover: (1) The following compounds, which do not have vitamin activity although they are sometimes called vitamins, and compounds which have vitamin activity but are of secondary importance as vitamins: (a) meso-inositol, myo-inositol, i-inositol (heading 2906), used for disorders of the gastro-intestinal tract and of liver function (particularly in the form of calcium or magnesium hexaphosphate); (b) vitamin H 1: p-aminobenzoic acid (heading 2922), which stimulates growth and neutralises the antibacteriostatic action of certain sulphonamides; (c) choline or bilineurine (heading 2923), which stabilises fat metabolism; (d) vitamin B 4: adenine or 6-aminopurine (heading 2933), used for haemorrhages following drug therapy and in the treatment of tumours; (e) vitamin C2 or P: citrin, hesperidin, rutoside (rutin), esculin (heading 2938), used as a haemostatic factor and for increasing capillary resistance; (f) vitamin F: linoleic acid (α- and β-), linolenic acid, arachidonic acid (heading 3823), used in the treatment of dermatitis and of liver function disorders. (2) Synthetic substitutes for vitamins: (a) vitamin K 3: menadione, menaphthone, methylnaphthone or 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone; sodium salt of the bisulphite derivative of 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone (heading 2914); menadiol or 1,4-dihydroxy-2-methylnaphthalene (heading 2907); (b) vitamin K6: 1,4-diamino-2-methylnaphthalene (heading 2921); (c) vitamin K5: 4-amino-2-methyl-1-naphthol hydrochloride (heading 2922); (d) cysteine, a substitute for vitamin B (heading 2930);

(e) phthiocol: 2-hydroxy-3-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone, a substitute for vitamin K (heading 2941). (3) Sterols other than ergosterol: cholesterol, sitosterol, stigmasterol and the sterols obtained in the manufacture of vitamin D2 (tachysterol, lumisterol, toxisterol, suprasterol) (heading 2906). (4) Medicaments of heading 3003 or 3004. (5) Xanthophyll, a carotenoid of natural origin (heading 3203). (6) Provitamins A (α-, β- and γ-carotenes and cryptoxanthin), where they are used as colouring matter (heading 3203 or 3204). Subheading Explanatory Note. Subheading 2936 90 This subheading covers, inter alia, mixtures of two or more derivatives of vitamins. For example, a mixture containing D-panthenol ethyl ether and dexpanthenol, obtained by chemical synthesis, i.e., by reacting D-pantolactone, amino-3-propanol-1 and 3-ethoxypropylamine in a definite ratio, is to be classified in subheading 2936 90 as "other", and not as unmixed derivatives of D- or DL-pantothenic acid (subheading 2936 24).

Notes

Machine translation. The original is the Russian text of the EAEU tariff, and customs goes by it; this translation is for understanding only and has no legal force.

1. Unless otherwise specified in the context, the headings of this chapter include only:

(a) individual organic compounds of a particular chemical composition, whether or not containing impurities;

(b) mixtures of two or more isomers of the same organic compound (containing or not containing impurities), except for mixtures of isomers of acyclic hydrocarbons (but not stereoisomers), saturated or unsaturated (Chapter 27);

(c) products of headings 2936 to 2939 or simple esters of sugars, acetals of sugars, esters of sugars and their salts, of heading 2940, or products of heading 2941, whether chemically defined or indefinite;

(d) products referred to in points (a), (b) or (c) above dissolved in water;

(e) products referred to in points (a), (b) or (c) above dissolved in other solvents, provided that dissolution is the usual and necessary method used solely for the preservation or transportation of these products, and that the solvent does not render the product suitable for a specific application other than conventional use;

(f) products referred to in points (a), (b), (c), (d) or (e) above, with the addition of a stabilizing substance (including an anti-traceability agent) necessary for their preservation or transport;

(g) products referred to in points (a), (b), (c), (d), (e) or (f) above, with the addition of an anti-dust agent or a coloring or fragrant substance or emetic to facilitate their identification or for safety purposes, provided that these additives do not make the product suitable for a specific use other than traditional use;

(h) the following products diluted to a standard concentration for the production of azo dyes: diazonium salts, substances reacting with these salts, diazotizing amines and their salts.

2. This group does not include:

(a) the goods of heading 1504 or of raw glycerol of heading 1520;

(b) ethyl alcohol (heading 2207 or 2208);

(c) methane or propane (heading 2711);

(d) the carbon compounds referred to in Note 2 to Chapter 28;

(e) immunological products of heading 3002;

(f) urea (heading 3102 or 3105);

(g) dyes of vegetable or animal origin (heading 3203), synthetic organic dyes, synthetic organic products used as optical bleaches or phosphors (heading 3204), or dyes or other dyes packaged in molds or packages for retail sale (heading 3212);

(h) enzymes (heading 3507);

(ij) metaldehyde, hexamethylenetetramine or similar substances, packaged in moulds (e.g. tablets, sticks or similar forms) intended for use as fuel, or liquid or liquefied gaseous fuel in containers of not more than 300 cm in capacity, used for filling or refilling cigarette or similar lighters (heading 3606);

(k) products supplied as fire extinguishing charges or grenades for extinguishing fires of heading 3813; ink stain removal preparations packaged for retail sale of heading 3824; or

(l) optical elements, for example of ethylenediamintartrate (heading 9001).

3. Goods which may be included in two or more headings of this Chapter are classified in the heading, the latter in ascending order of the codes in this Chapter of the Nomenclature.

4. For the purposes of headings 2904 to 2906, 2908 to 2911 and 2913 to 2920, any reference to halogenated, sulfonated, nitrated or nitrosed derivatives also applies to mixed derivatives such as sulfohalogenated, nitrohalogenated, nitrosulfonated or nitrosulfohalogenated derivatives.

For the purposes of heading 2929, nitrogen or nitrozo groups are not regarded as nitrogen-containing functional groups.

For the purposes of headings 2911, 2912, 2914, 2918 and 2922, the term “oxygen-containing functional group” means that the characteristic organic oxygen-containing groups of these headings are limited to the oxygen-containing functional groups referred to in headings 2905 to 2920.

5. (A) Esters of organic compounds with acidic functional groups of subgroups I to VII with organic compounds of the same subgroups shall be included with that of them which falls in the heading last in ascending order of codes in these subgroups of the Nomenclature.

(B) Ethyl alcohol esters with organic compounds with acid functional groups of subgroups I to VII are to be classified in the same headings as the corresponding organic compounds with acid functional groups.

(C) Subject to note 1 to section VI and note 2 to chapter 28:

(1) Inorganic salts of organic compounds, such as compounds with acidic, phenolic or enolic functional groups, or organic bases of subgroups I to X or heading 2942, are to be classified in the headings for organic compounds;

(2) salts resulting from chemical reactions between organic compounds of subgroups I to X or heading 2942 are to be classified in the heading for the base or acid (including compounds with phenolic or enolic functional groups) from which these salts are formed, the latter in ascending order of the codes in the group; and

(3) Coordinating or complex compounds, other than substances of sub-group XI or heading 2941, are classified in the heading last in ascending order of the codes of Chapter 29, among those suitable for fragments formed by the "splitting" of all metal bonds other than metal-carbon bonds.

(D) Metal alcohols are to be classified in the same heading as the alcohols concerned, with the exception of ethanol (heading 2905).

(E) Carboxylic acid halides are to be classified in the same heading as the corresponding acids.

6. The compounds of headings 2930 and 2931 are organic compounds whose molecules, in addition to hydrogen, oxygen or nitrogen atoms, contain atoms of other nonmetals or metals (such as sulfur, arsenic or lead) directly bound to carbon atoms.

Headings 2930 (organic sulphur compounds) and 2931 (other organo-inorganic compounds) do not include sulfonated or halogenated derivatives (including complex derivatives) which, in addition to hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen, have only directly carbon-related sulphur or halogen atoms giving them the properties of sulfonated or halogenated derivatives (or complex derivatives).

7. Headings 2932 to 2934 do not include three-membered ring epoxides, ketone peroxides, cyclic polymers of aldehydes or thioaldehydes, anhydrides of polybasic carboxylic acids, cyclic esters of polyalcohols or phenols with polybasic acids or imides of polybasic acids.

These provisions are applicable only if heteroatom cycles are formed only as a result of the cyclization reaction or as a result of the reactions mentioned above.

8. In heading 2937:

(a) the term “hormones” covers release hormones or factors that stimulate hormone secretion, hormone inhibitors and hormone antagonists (antihormones);

(b) the term “mainly used as hormones” applies not only to hormone derivatives and their structural analogues used principally for hormonal action, but also to such derivatives and structural analogues as are used principally as intermediates in the synthesis of substances of this heading.

Subheading notes

English text as published in Annex I to Regulation (EU) 2021/1832 (Combined Nomenclature). The EAEU tariff and the EU nomenclature copy these notes from the same convention. For a Russian declaration the binding version is the Russian one: Annex to Decision No 80 of the EEC Council of 14 September 2021.

1. Within any one heading of this chapter, derivatives of a chemical compound (or group of chemical compounds) are to be classified in the same subheading as that compound (or group of compounds), provided that they are not more specifically covered by any other subheading and that there is no residual subheading named ‘Other’ in the series of subheadings concerned.

2. Note 3 to Chapter 29 does not apply to the subheadings of this chapter.

Additional notes of the Eurasian Economic Union

Machine translation. The original is the Russian text of the EAEU tariff, and customs goes by it; this translation is for understanding only and has no legal force.

1. Subheading 2901 10 000 1 covers ethane, butane and isobutane in the form of separate isomers of a purity of 95% or more. This percentage of compounds is calculated respectively by volume for gaseous products or by weight for liquefied products. Ethane, butane and isobutane having a lower degree of purity fall in heading 2711.

2. Subheading 2901 10 000 2 covers pentane and isopentane as separate isomers of a purity of 95 % or more by weight.