2938 90 — Glycosides, natural or reproduced by synthesis, and their salts, ethers, esters and other derivatives (excl. rutoside "rutin" and its derivatives)

2938 Glycosides, natural or synthesized, salts thereof, simple and complex esters and other derivatives: 2938 10 Rutoside (rutin) and its derivatives 2938 90 Other

Glycosides are found mainly in the plant world. Usually, under the action of acids, bases or enzymes, they are broken down into sugar and non-sugar (aglycone) parts. These parts are connected to each other through an anomeric carbon atom in a sugar molecule. Thus, products such as vaccinein (benzoylglucose) and gam amelitanin of heading 2940 are not to be regarded as glycosides. The most well-known natural glycosides are O-glycosides, in which the sugar part and aglycon are usually connected by an acetal functional group. However, there are also naturally occurring N-glycosides, S-glycosides, and C-glycosides in which the anomeric carbon atom in the sugar is bonded to the aglycon via a nitrogen atom, sulfur atom, or carbon atom, respectively (e.g., casimiroedine (N-glycoside), synigrin (S-glycoside) and aloin (C-glycoside)). Sometimes aglycon is combined with sugar by a complex etheric group. Glycosides are usually solid colorless compounds; they form a supply of substances in plants or act as stimulants. Many of them are used for therapeutic purposes. (1) Rutoside (rutin) is found in many plants, especially buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench, Polygonaceae), which contains up to 3% (in terms of dry matter weight). (2) The glycosides of foxglove are contained in the plants of the digitalis genus (e.g., D. lanata, D. purpurea). Some of them are widely used in medicine to stimulate cardiac activity. This group includes digitoxin, a highly toxic odorless white crystalline powder; digoxin; and digitonin, a digitalis saponin used as a chemical reagent. (3) Glycyrrhizin and glycyrrhisates contained in licorice root; colorless crystals. Ammonium glycyrrhisate is a reddish-brown mass used in the production of beverages. Glycyrrhisates are also used in medicine. (4) Strophanthus, a glycoside found in many plants of the genus Strophanthus; a very effective agent for stimulating cardiac activity. Some, including ouabaine or strophantin-G, exist as colorless crystals; very toxic.

(5) Saponins, amorphous glycosides, quite widespread in the plant world; have the ability to cause sneezing. Their aqueous solutions, when shaken, form foam. They are used in medicine, in the production of detergents and in foam extinguishers. (6) Aloin is found in the leaves of various aloe species. (7) Amigdalin is contained in bitter almonds and in the bones of various fruits. It is used as an expectorant. (8) Arbutin is contained in the leaves of trolberry; it is used as a diuretic. (9) Sinigrin. Contained in the seeds of black mustard and in the root of horseradish. It's used in medicine. This heading also includes certain tannin derivatives of natural or synthetic glycosides. This heading also includes natural mixtures of glycosides and their derivatives (e.g., a natural mixture of foxglove glycosides containing glycosides A and B, digitoxin, gitoxin, gitaloxin, etc.); however, mixtures or preparations prepared specifically are not included. This heading also excludes: (1) nucleosides and nucleotides (heading 2934); (2) alkaloids (e.g. tomatin) (heading 2939); (3) artificial glycosides (other than products of heading 2937 or 2939) in which the glycoside bond is acetal formed by the esterification of an anomeric carbon atom (tribenoside (INN)) (heading 2940); and (4) antibiotics (e.g. tolocamycin) (heading 2941).

Notes

Machine translation. The original is the Russian text of the EAEU tariff, and customs goes by it; this translation is for understanding only and has no legal force.

1. Unless otherwise specified in the context, the headings of this chapter include only:

(a) individual organic compounds of a particular chemical composition, whether or not containing impurities;

(b) mixtures of two or more isomers of the same organic compound (containing or not containing impurities), except for mixtures of isomers of acyclic hydrocarbons (but not stereoisomers), saturated or unsaturated (Chapter 27);

(c) products of headings 2936 to 2939 or simple esters of sugars, acetals of sugars, esters of sugars and their salts, of heading 2940, or products of heading 2941, whether chemically defined or indefinite;

(d) products referred to in points (a), (b) or (c) above dissolved in water;

(e) products referred to in points (a), (b) or (c) above dissolved in other solvents, provided that dissolution is the usual and necessary method used solely for the preservation or transportation of these products, and that the solvent does not render the product suitable for a specific application other than conventional use;

(f) products referred to in points (a), (b), (c), (d) or (e) above, with the addition of a stabilizing substance (including an anti-traceability agent) necessary for their preservation or transport;

(g) products referred to in points (a), (b), (c), (d), (e) or (f) above, with the addition of an anti-dust agent or a coloring or fragrant substance or emetic to facilitate their identification or for safety purposes, provided that these additives do not make the product suitable for a specific use other than traditional use;

(h) the following products diluted to a standard concentration for the production of azo dyes: diazonium salts, substances reacting with these salts, diazotizing amines and their salts.

2. This group does not include:

(a) the goods of heading 1504 or of raw glycerol of heading 1520;

(b) ethyl alcohol (heading 2207 or 2208);

(c) methane or propane (heading 2711);

(d) the carbon compounds referred to in Note 2 to Chapter 28;

(e) immunological products of heading 3002;

(f) urea (heading 3102 or 3105);

(g) dyes of vegetable or animal origin (heading 3203), synthetic organic dyes, synthetic organic products used as optical bleaches or phosphors (heading 3204), or dyes or other dyes packaged in molds or packages for retail sale (heading 3212);

(h) enzymes (heading 3507);

(ij) metaldehyde, hexamethylenetetramine or similar substances, packaged in moulds (e.g. tablets, sticks or similar forms) intended for use as fuel, or liquid or liquefied gaseous fuel in containers of not more than 300 cm in capacity, used for filling or refilling cigarette or similar lighters (heading 3606);

(k) products supplied as fire extinguishing charges or grenades for extinguishing fires of heading 3813; ink stain removal preparations packaged for retail sale of heading 3824; or

(l) optical elements, for example of ethylenediamintartrate (heading 9001).

3. Goods which may be included in two or more headings of this Chapter are classified in the heading, the latter in ascending order of the codes in this Chapter of the Nomenclature.

4. For the purposes of headings 2904 to 2906, 2908 to 2911 and 2913 to 2920, any reference to halogenated, sulfonated, nitrated or nitrosed derivatives also applies to mixed derivatives such as sulfohalogenated, nitrohalogenated, nitrosulfonated or nitrosulfohalogenated derivatives.

For the purposes of heading 2929, nitrogen or nitrozo groups are not regarded as nitrogen-containing functional groups.

For the purposes of headings 2911, 2912, 2914, 2918 and 2922, the term “oxygen-containing functional group” means that the characteristic organic oxygen-containing groups of these headings are limited to the oxygen-containing functional groups referred to in headings 2905 to 2920.

5. (A) Esters of organic compounds with acidic functional groups of subgroups I to VII with organic compounds of the same subgroups shall be included with that of them which falls in the heading last in ascending order of codes in these subgroups of the Nomenclature.

(B) Ethyl alcohol esters with organic compounds with acid functional groups of subgroups I to VII are to be classified in the same headings as the corresponding organic compounds with acid functional groups.

(C) Subject to note 1 to section VI and note 2 to chapter 28:

(1) Inorganic salts of organic compounds, such as compounds with acidic, phenolic or enolic functional groups, or organic bases of subgroups I to X or heading 2942, are to be classified in the headings for organic compounds;

(2) salts resulting from chemical reactions between organic compounds of subgroups I to X or heading 2942 are to be classified in the heading for the base or acid (including compounds with phenolic or enolic functional groups) from which these salts are formed, the latter in ascending order of the codes in the group; and

(3) Coordinating or complex compounds, other than substances of sub-group XI or heading 2941, are classified in the heading last in ascending order of the codes of Chapter 29, among those suitable for fragments formed by the "splitting" of all metal bonds other than metal-carbon bonds.

(D) Metal alcohols are to be classified in the same heading as the alcohols concerned, with the exception of ethanol (heading 2905).

(E) Carboxylic acid halides are to be classified in the same heading as the corresponding acids.

6. The compounds of headings 2930 and 2931 are organic compounds whose molecules, in addition to hydrogen, oxygen or nitrogen atoms, contain atoms of other nonmetals or metals (such as sulfur, arsenic or lead) directly bound to carbon atoms.

Headings 2930 (organic sulphur compounds) and 2931 (other organo-inorganic compounds) do not include sulfonated or halogenated derivatives (including complex derivatives) which, in addition to hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen, have only directly carbon-related sulphur or halogen atoms giving them the properties of sulfonated or halogenated derivatives (or complex derivatives).

7. Headings 2932 to 2934 do not include three-membered ring epoxides, ketone peroxides, cyclic polymers of aldehydes or thioaldehydes, anhydrides of polybasic carboxylic acids, cyclic esters of polyalcohols or phenols with polybasic acids or imides of polybasic acids.

These provisions are applicable only if heteroatom cycles are formed only as a result of the cyclization reaction or as a result of the reactions mentioned above.

8. In heading 2937:

(a) the term “hormones” covers release hormones or factors that stimulate hormone secretion, hormone inhibitors and hormone antagonists (antihormones);

(b) the term “mainly used as hormones” applies not only to hormone derivatives and their structural analogues used principally for hormonal action, but also to such derivatives and structural analogues as are used principally as intermediates in the synthesis of substances of this heading.

Subheading notes

English text as published in Annex I to Regulation (EU) 2021/1832 (Combined Nomenclature). The EAEU tariff and the EU nomenclature copy these notes from the same convention. For a Russian declaration the binding version is the Russian one: Annex to Decision No 80 of the EEC Council of 14 September 2021.

1. Within any one heading of this chapter, derivatives of a chemical compound (or group of chemical compounds) are to be classified in the same subheading as that compound (or group of compounds), provided that they are not more specifically covered by any other subheading and that there is no residual subheading named ‘Other’ in the series of subheadings concerned.

2. Note 3 to Chapter 29 does not apply to the subheadings of this chapter.

Additional notes of the Eurasian Economic Union

Machine translation. The original is the Russian text of the EAEU tariff, and customs goes by it; this translation is for understanding only and has no legal force.

1. Subheading 2901 10 000 1 covers ethane, butane and isobutane in the form of separate isomers of a purity of 95% or more. This percentage of compounds is calculated respectively by volume for gaseous products or by weight for liquefied products. Ethane, butane and isobutane having a lower degree of purity fall in heading 2711.

2. Subheading 2901 10 000 2 covers pentane and isopentane as separate isomers of a purity of 95 % or more by weight.