2939 30 — Caffeine and its salts

2939 Alkaloids, natural or reproduced by synthesis, and their salts, ethers, esters and other derivatives: – alkaloids of opium and their derivatives; salts thereof: 2939 11 – – concentrates of poppy straw; buprenorphine (INN), codeine, dihydrocodeine (INN), ethylmorphine, etorphine (INN), heroin, hydrocodone (INN), hydromorphone (INN), morphine, nicomorphine (INN), oxycodone (INN), oxymorphone (INN), pholcodine (INN), thebacon (INN) and thebaine; salts thereof 2939 19 – – other 2939 20 – alkaloids of cinchona and their derivatives; salts thereof 2939 30 – caffeine and its salts – ephedrines and their salts: 2939 41 – – ephedrine and its salts 2939 42 – – pseudoephedrine (INN) and its salts 2939 43 – – cathine (INN) and its salts 2939 44 – – norephedrine and its salts 2939 49 – – other – theophylline and aminophylline (theophylline-ethylenediamine) and their derivatives; salts thereof:

2939 51 – – fenetylline (INN) and its salts 2939 59 – – other – alkaloids of rye ergot and their derivatives; salts thereof: 2939 61 – – ergometrine (INN) and its salts 2939 62 – – ergotamine (INN) and its salts 2939 63 – – lysergic acid and its salts 2939 69 – – other – other, of vegetal origin: 2939 71 – – cocaine, ecgonine, levometamfetamine, metamfetamine (INN), metamfetamine racemate; salts, esters and other derivatives thereof 2939 79 – – other 2939 80 – other

These alkaloids are complex organic bases; they have strong physiological effects. Some of them are obtained by synthesis. They are all more or less poisonous. This heading covers alkaloids in their pure form and natural mixtures of alkaloids (e.g., veratrin or all opium alkaloids); however, mixtures thereof or preparations thereof specially prepared are not included. This heading also excludes cellular juice and plant extracts such as dried opium cellular juice (heading 1302). This heading covers hydrogenated, dehydrogenated, oxidized and reduced alkaloid derivatives and generally all alkaloid derivatives which have a structure substantially the same as the natural alkaloid from which they are derived. (A) opium alkaloids and their derivatives; salts of these compounds (1) Morphine is found in opium; colorless crystals, potent drugs, strong poison. (2) Dihydromorphine, desomorphine (INN) (dihydrodeoxymorphine), hydromorphone (INN) (dihydromorphinone) and methopone (INN) (5-methyldihydromorphinone). (3) Diacetylmorphine (heroin), a crystalline white powder; used as a sedative instead of codeine and morphine. (4) Ethylmorphine, odorless crystalline white powder; used internally as a sleeping pill or pain reliever or as an external agent for local anesthesia. (5) Codeine (methylmorphine, simple monomethyl morphine ester). Contained in opium, along with morphine. Crystals; used as a sedative instead of morphine. (6) Dihydrocodeine (INN), hydrocodone (INN) (dihydrocodeinone), oxycodone (INN) (dihydroxycodeinone). (7) Narcein, secondary opium alkaloid; crystals; sleeping pills and painkillers. (8) Noscapine (INN), secondary opium alkaloid; crystals; less potent than morphine, has little toxicity. (9) Cotarnine and hydrocotarnine are obtained from narcotine.

(10) Papaverine, secondary opium alkaloid; crystals; narcotic and sedative, having a less intense effect than morphine. (11) Etaverine hydrochloride (INNM) (1 -(3,4-diethoxybenzyl)-6,7-diethoxyisoquinoline hydrochloride). (12) Thebaine, secondary opium alkaloid; crystals; odorless, toxic. (13) Poppy straw concentrates: A natural mixture of alkaloids obtained from parts of a poppy plant (Papaver somniferum) by extraction followed by purification and containing at least 50 % by weight of alkaloids. Opium alkaloid derivatives are classified in this heading provided they retain an epoxy-bridged morphine structure, either hydrogenated or unhydrogenated. (b) Alkaloids, isolated from the bark of the china tree, and their production; salts of these compounds (1) Quinine is contained in the bark of various plants of the genus Cinchona, in particular Cinchona officinalis, Cinchona calisaya and Cinchona succirubra. White crystalline powder. Quinine and its salts have a paralyzing effect on the protoplasm of protozoa present in the blood, so they are used as antipyretics (antipyretics) and antimalarial agents. (2) Quinidine. Contained in the bark of plants of the genus Cinchona. Crystals; can be extracted from the uterine solution of quinine sulfate. (3) Qinghonin is second in value after quinine among the alkaloids contained in the Cinchona bark; crystals. (4) Cinchonidine is contained in Cinchona bark; crystals. (5) Hinina tannat. Caffeine and its salts are extracted from coffee beans, tea and cola nuts or obtained by synthesis. Silky crystals; used in medicine. (D) Ephedrines and Their Salts (1) Ephedrine is found in Ephedra vulgaris and can also be obtained by synthesis; colorless crystals; used in medicine. (2) Methylephedrine. (3) Etaphedrine (INN). (4) Norephedrine. (5) Pseudoephedrine (INN). (e) Theofillin and Aminophyllin (theofyllineethylenediamine) and their derivatives; salts of these compounds Theophylline is contained in tea, but can also be obtained by synthesis. Crystals. Often used as a diuretic in the same way as aminophylline (theophyllineethylenediamine). (e) alkaloids of rye spores and their production; salts of these compounds

(1) Ergometrin (INN) (9,10-didehydro-N-[(S)-2-hydroxy-1-methylethyl]-6-methylergoline-8β-carboxamide) (ergonovin). Crystals in the form of tetrahedrons or small needles. It is used in medicine as a drug that affects the contractility of the muscles, or as a precursor in the production of lyserhyde (INN) (see the list of precursors at the end of group 29). An important derivative is maleate ergomethrin, which is also known as ergonovine maleate. (2) Ergotamine (INN) (12′-hydroxy-2′-methyl-5′α-(phenylmethyl)ergotaman-3′,6′,18-trione). It is used as a vasoconstrictor and as a precursor in the production of lyserhyde (INN) (see the list of precursors at the end of Chapter 29). Its main derivatives include ergotamine succinates and tartrates. (3) Lysergic acid (9,10-didehydro-6-methylergoline-8-carboxylic acid). Received by alkaline hydrolysis of ergot alkaloids rye. It is also obtained from Claviceps paspali. Crystals in the form of hexagonal plates or scales. Used as a psychomimetics and as a precursor in the production of lyserhyde (INN) (see the list of precursors at the end of Chapter 29). (4) Other ergot rye alkaloids, for example, ergosine, ergocristine, ergocriptine, ergocornin, methylergometrin. Nicotine and its salt is an alkaloid contained in tobacco leaves; it can also be obtained by synthesis. Colorless liquid, browning in air; has a characteristic pungent smell. Strong base, toxic, forms crystalline salts; used as a fungicide and insecticide for plant protection. (3) Other plant alkaloids and their derivatives and salts (1) Arecolin, an alkaloid contained in betel nuts (areca). (2) Aconitine is one of the strongest known poisons; extracted from the dried roots of Aconitus napellus. It is used in medicine as a strong sedative. (3) Physostigmine (etherine). Contained in Kalabar beans; colorless crystals that turn under the action of air into reddish-yellow; used in medicine. (4) Pilocarpine, the principal alkaloid in Pilocarpus jaborandi; a colorless mass browning in air. Pilocarpine and its salts are used in medicine (causes sweating) and in ophthalmology; they are also used in the production of lotions to stimulate hair growth. (5) Spartain, an alkaloid contained in a crustacean; a colorless liquid. Spartain sulfate is used to stimulate cardiac activity. (6) Atropine, obtained mainly from Datura stramonium; can also be obtained by synthesis; crystals; strong poison that dilates the eye pupil. (7) Homotropin, colorless crystals; has the same chemical and physiological effects as atropine. (8) Hyoscyamine, the principal alkaloid found in Atropa belladonna and in numerous plants of the genus Hyoscyamus. Colorless crystals; very toxic. Its salts (for example, sulfate and hydrobromide) are used in medicine.

(9) Scopolamine (hyoscine). Contained in many plants of the genus Datura; colorless syrupy liquid or colorless crystals. Its salts (for example, hydrobromide and sulfate) are crystalline. It's used in medicine. (10) Colchicine. It is found in the plants Colchicum autumnale. Adhesive mass, yellow powder, crystals or flakes; used in medicine; very toxic. (11) Veratrin, a natural mixture of alkaloids extracted from the seeds of sabadilla; amorphous white powder; hygro is bulky, irritating and capable of causing sneezing; toxic; used in medicine. (12) Cevadin, corresponds to crystallized veratrin. (13) Cocaine, crystals; extracted from the leaves of certain coca species, in particular Erythroxylum coca; e can also be obtained by synthesis. Cocaine is never marketed in its pure form, but contains between 80 and 94% of cocaine; as such it is classified in this heading. An aqueous solution of cocaine gives an alkaline reaction; it forms many salts; a strong analgesic. (14) Emetin, found in the roots of Uragoga ipecacuanha Amorphous white powder, yellowing under the action of light; used as expectorant and emetic; its salts are used against amoebic dysentery. (15) Strychnine is extracted from various plants of the genus Strychnos (chilibuha). Silky crystals; strong poison. It forms crystalline salts used in medicine. (16) Theobromine is extracted from cocoa and also obtained by synthesis. White crystalline powder; used in medicine as a diuretic and stimulant of cardiac activity. (17) Piperine, extracted from Piper nigrum; crystals. (18) Coniine, contained in hemlock spot, and can also be obtained by synthesis. Colorless oily liquid with a pungent smell; strong poison; used in medicine. (19) Curarin. Extracted from curare; used in medicine. (20) Porphyrin (alkaloid). (21) Tomatin. (22) Alkaloid tannates (chelidonine tannate, colchicine tannate, pelletierin tannate, etc.). (23) Hydrastin. (24) Hydrastinine. (25) Hydrohydrastinine. (26) Oxohydrastinine. (27) Tropine (tropane-3-ol). (28) Tropinon. (29) Cefalin. (30) Methamphetamine (INN) (N-methylamphetamine, deoxyephedrine, 2-methylamino-1-phenylpropane).

(IJ) Other alkaloids of non-vegetable origin Non-vegetable alkaloids are found in some species of fungi, for example, psilocybin in fungi of the genus Psilocybe, as well as in animal tissues, for example, bufotenin in the skin of some toads. Many marine organisms also contain alkaloids. (1) Mushroom alkaloids: Viridicatin* (Penicillium viridicatum); Rugulovazin A (penicillium alkaloid), sporidesmin A (a toxin that causes pitomycotoxicosis in animals); cytohalazine b; teleocidin B4 (indol alkaloid stimulator of tumor growth); penitreme D (tremorgenic mycotoxin); rokefortin (blue cheese). (2) Animal alkaloids: Histrionycotoxin* (Spiropiperidin of the South American poisonous frog-drevolase); samandarin; epibatidine; castoramine and muscopyridine (derived from the glands of musk deer (kabarga) and Canadian beaver). (3) Insect alkaloids: Coccinellin* of the seven-point ladybug (Subcoccinella septempunctata); 2-isopropyl-3-methoxypyrazine (from the multicolored Asian ladybug (Harmonia axyridis)); danaidone (the butterfly pheromone "African Monarch"); glomerin (from the European centipedepod); epilachnenne (from the Mexican ladybug); polyazamacrolid of the 24-point ladybug (Subic) (4) Marine alkaloids: Varacin* (from ascidia); manzamine (from Okinawa sponges); convolutamine D (from sea buffalo); tetroduct Sin (from Japanese fugu fish); Eudistomine (derived mainly from marine shells of the genus Eudistoma). (5) Bacterial alkaloids: They are very rare in nature. Procyanine. Certain substances of this heading which are classified under international instruments as narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances are listed at the end of Chapter 29.

Subgroup XIII ORGANIC COMPOUNDS OTHER

Notes

Machine translation. The original is the Russian text of the EAEU tariff, and customs goes by it; this translation is for understanding only and has no legal force.

1. Unless otherwise specified in the context, the headings of this chapter include only:

(a) individual organic compounds of a particular chemical composition, whether or not containing impurities;

(b) mixtures of two or more isomers of the same organic compound (containing or not containing impurities), except for mixtures of isomers of acyclic hydrocarbons (but not stereoisomers), saturated or unsaturated (Chapter 27);

(c) products of headings 2936 to 2939 or simple esters of sugars, acetals of sugars, esters of sugars and their salts, of heading 2940, or products of heading 2941, whether chemically defined or indefinite;

(d) products referred to in points (a), (b) or (c) above dissolved in water;

(e) products referred to in points (a), (b) or (c) above dissolved in other solvents, provided that dissolution is the usual and necessary method used solely for the preservation or transportation of these products, and that the solvent does not render the product suitable for a specific application other than conventional use;

(f) products referred to in points (a), (b), (c), (d) or (e) above, with the addition of a stabilizing substance (including an anti-traceability agent) necessary for their preservation or transport;

(g) products referred to in points (a), (b), (c), (d), (e) or (f) above, with the addition of an anti-dust agent or a coloring or fragrant substance or emetic to facilitate their identification or for safety purposes, provided that these additives do not make the product suitable for a specific use other than traditional use;

(h) the following products diluted to a standard concentration for the production of azo dyes: diazonium salts, substances reacting with these salts, diazotizing amines and their salts.

2. This group does not include:

(a) the goods of heading 1504 or of raw glycerol of heading 1520;

(b) ethyl alcohol (heading 2207 or 2208);

(c) methane or propane (heading 2711);

(d) the carbon compounds referred to in Note 2 to Chapter 28;

(e) immunological products of heading 3002;

(f) urea (heading 3102 or 3105);

(g) dyes of vegetable or animal origin (heading 3203), synthetic organic dyes, synthetic organic products used as optical bleaches or phosphors (heading 3204), or dyes or other dyes packaged in molds or packages for retail sale (heading 3212);

(h) enzymes (heading 3507);

(ij) metaldehyde, hexamethylenetetramine or similar substances, packaged in moulds (e.g. tablets, sticks or similar forms) intended for use as fuel, or liquid or liquefied gaseous fuel in containers of not more than 300 cm in capacity, used for filling or refilling cigarette or similar lighters (heading 3606);

(k) products supplied as fire extinguishing charges or grenades for extinguishing fires of heading 3813; ink stain removal preparations packaged for retail sale of heading 3824; or

(l) optical elements, for example of ethylenediamintartrate (heading 9001).

3. Goods which may be included in two or more headings of this Chapter are classified in the heading, the latter in ascending order of the codes in this Chapter of the Nomenclature.

4. For the purposes of headings 2904 to 2906, 2908 to 2911 and 2913 to 2920, any reference to halogenated, sulfonated, nitrated or nitrosed derivatives also applies to mixed derivatives such as sulfohalogenated, nitrohalogenated, nitrosulfonated or nitrosulfohalogenated derivatives.

For the purposes of heading 2929, nitrogen or nitrozo groups are not regarded as nitrogen-containing functional groups.

For the purposes of headings 2911, 2912, 2914, 2918 and 2922, the term “oxygen-containing functional group” means that the characteristic organic oxygen-containing groups of these headings are limited to the oxygen-containing functional groups referred to in headings 2905 to 2920.

5. (A) Esters of organic compounds with acidic functional groups of subgroups I to VII with organic compounds of the same subgroups shall be included with that of them which falls in the heading last in ascending order of codes in these subgroups of the Nomenclature.

(B) Ethyl alcohol esters with organic compounds with acid functional groups of subgroups I to VII are to be classified in the same headings as the corresponding organic compounds with acid functional groups.

(C) Subject to note 1 to section VI and note 2 to chapter 28:

(1) Inorganic salts of organic compounds, such as compounds with acidic, phenolic or enolic functional groups, or organic bases of subgroups I to X or heading 2942, are to be classified in the headings for organic compounds;

(2) salts resulting from chemical reactions between organic compounds of subgroups I to X or heading 2942 are to be classified in the heading for the base or acid (including compounds with phenolic or enolic functional groups) from which these salts are formed, the latter in ascending order of the codes in the group; and

(3) Coordinating or complex compounds, other than substances of sub-group XI or heading 2941, are classified in the heading last in ascending order of the codes of Chapter 29, among those suitable for fragments formed by the "splitting" of all metal bonds other than metal-carbon bonds.

(D) Metal alcohols are to be classified in the same heading as the alcohols concerned, with the exception of ethanol (heading 2905).

(E) Carboxylic acid halides are to be classified in the same heading as the corresponding acids.

6. The compounds of headings 2930 and 2931 are organic compounds whose molecules, in addition to hydrogen, oxygen or nitrogen atoms, contain atoms of other nonmetals or metals (such as sulfur, arsenic or lead) directly bound to carbon atoms.

Headings 2930 (organic sulphur compounds) and 2931 (other organo-inorganic compounds) do not include sulfonated or halogenated derivatives (including complex derivatives) which, in addition to hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen, have only directly carbon-related sulphur or halogen atoms giving them the properties of sulfonated or halogenated derivatives (or complex derivatives).

7. Headings 2932 to 2934 do not include three-membered ring epoxides, ketone peroxides, cyclic polymers of aldehydes or thioaldehydes, anhydrides of polybasic carboxylic acids, cyclic esters of polyalcohols or phenols with polybasic acids or imides of polybasic acids.

These provisions are applicable only if heteroatom cycles are formed only as a result of the cyclization reaction or as a result of the reactions mentioned above.

8. In heading 2937:

(a) the term “hormones” covers release hormones or factors that stimulate hormone secretion, hormone inhibitors and hormone antagonists (antihormones);

(b) the term “mainly used as hormones” applies not only to hormone derivatives and their structural analogues used principally for hormonal action, but also to such derivatives and structural analogues as are used principally as intermediates in the synthesis of substances of this heading.

Subheading notes

English text as published in Annex I to Regulation (EU) 2021/1832 (Combined Nomenclature). The EAEU tariff and the EU nomenclature copy these notes from the same convention. For a Russian declaration the binding version is the Russian one: Annex to Decision No 80 of the EEC Council of 14 September 2021.

1. Within any one heading of this chapter, derivatives of a chemical compound (or group of chemical compounds) are to be classified in the same subheading as that compound (or group of compounds), provided that they are not more specifically covered by any other subheading and that there is no residual subheading named ‘Other’ in the series of subheadings concerned.

2. Note 3 to Chapter 29 does not apply to the subheadings of this chapter.

Additional notes of the Eurasian Economic Union

Machine translation. The original is the Russian text of the EAEU tariff, and customs goes by it; this translation is for understanding only and has no legal force.

1. Subheading 2901 10 000 1 covers ethane, butane and isobutane in the form of separate isomers of a purity of 95% or more. This percentage of compounds is calculated respectively by volume for gaseous products or by weight for liquefied products. Ethane, butane and isobutane having a lower degree of purity fall in heading 2711.

2. Subheading 2901 10 000 2 covers pentane and isopentane as separate isomers of a purity of 95 % or more by weight.