2941 90 000 2 — Antibiotics: other: lincomycin

2941 Antibiotics (+): 2941 10 - penicillins and their derivatives having the structure of penicillanic acid; salts of these compounds 2941 20 - streptomycins and their derivatives; salts of these compounds 2941 30 - tetracyclines and their derivatives; salts of these compounds 2941 40 - chloramphenicol and its derivatives; salts of these compounds 2941 50 - erythromycin and its derivatives; salts of these compounds 2941 90 - other

Antibiotics are substances released by living microorganisms that have the ability to kill other microorganisms or inhibit their growth. They are used mainly due to their suppressive effect on pathogens, in particular bacteria or fungi or in some cases on neoplasms. They can be effective already at a concentration in the blood of several micrograms per 1 ml. Antibiotics may consist of a single substance or a group of related substances, their chemical structure may be known or unknown, they may be certain or undetermined chemical composition. They're chemically different. These include the following compounds: (1) Heterocyclic, e.g., novobiocin, cephalosporins, streptotricin, pharopenem (INN), doripenem (INN), monobactams (e.g., aztreonam (INN)). More important in this class of antibiotics are the penicillins produced by some species of fungi Penicillium. This class also includes procaine penicillin. (2) Sugar-related compounds, such as streptomycins. (3) Tetracyclines and their derivatives, e.g. chlortetracycline (INN), oxytetracycline (INN). (4) Chloramphenicol and its derivatives, such as thiamphenicol and florphenicol. (5) Macrolides, for example erythromycin, amphotericin B, tylosin. (6) Polypeptides, e.g. actinomycins, bacitracin, gramicidins, thyrocidin. (7) Other antibiotics, such as sarcomycin, vancomycin. This heading also includes chemically modified antibiotics used for their intended purpose. They can be obtained by isolating individual ingredients produced in the process of natural growth of microorganisms, then modifying their structure by a chemical reaction or adding side chain precursors to the culture medium in order to include the desired groups in the composition of the molecule as a result of cellular processes in (semi-synthetic penicillins) or by biosynthesis (for example, penicillins from certain amino acids).

Natural antibiotics obtained by synthesis (e.g., chloramphenicol) fall in this heading, as do certain synthetic products closely related to natural antibiotics and used as such (e.g., thiamphenicol). In this heading the term "derivatives" refers to active antibiotic compounds which could be obtained from a compound of this heading and which retain the essential characteristics of the parent compound, including its basic chemical structure. The heading excludes: (a) antibiotic-based products used for animal feeding (e.g., dried or standardised whole mycelium) (heading 2309); (b) organic compounds of definite chemical composition with very low antibacterial activity, used as intermediates in the manufacture of antibiotics (classified in the preceding headings of this Chapter according to their structure); (c) quinolinecarboxylic acid derivatives, nitrofurans, sulphonamides and other organic compounds of definite chemical composition of the preceding headings of this Chapter which have an antibacterial action; (d) specially prepared mixtures of antibiotics (e.g., a mixture of penicillin and streptomycin) for therapeutic or prophylactic uses (heading 3003 or 3004); (e) intermediate products obtained in the manufacture of antibiotics by filtration and single-stage extraction, with an antibiotic content generally not exceeding 70% (heading 3824). Subheading Explanatory Notes. Subheading 2941 10 This subheading covers all penicillins, i.e., all active antibiotic compounds whose molecules contain the penam or 6 -aminopenicillanic acid skeleton, the β-lactam of amino-(4-carboxy-5,5-dimethylthiazolidin-2-yl)acetic acid, in which the amino group of the lactam ring is linked to organic acids by an amide bond. Neither the structure of these organic acids nor the formation of salts or other substitutions of the carboxyl group of the thiazolidine ring affects the classification. However, the basic penam structure (skeleton) must remain unchanged. This subheading covers, inter alia, ampicillin (INN), amoxicillin (INN) and talampicillin (INN). However, this subheading does not cover other antibiotics containing a beta-lactam ring, such as cephalosporins (e.g., cefazolin (INN), cefaclor (INN)), cephamycins (e.g., cefoxitin (INN)), oxacephems, penems, carbapenems, etc. Subheading 2941 20 Streptomycin derivatives are active antibiotics whose molecules contain in their structure all three of the following components of the streptomycin skeleton: streptidine and methylglucosamine, linked to 5 -deoxylyxose. Esters in any position and glycosides are also regarded as derivatives. This subheading covers, inter alia, dihydrostreptomycin (INN) and streptoniazid (INN). However, neither bluensomycin (INN), which does not contain the two amidino groups of streptidine, nor other aminoglycosides containing streptamine derivatives, such as neomycin (INN), are regarded as streptomycin derivatives. Subheading 2941 30

Tetracycline derivatives are active antibiotics whose molecules contain partially hydrogenated 4-dimethylaminonaphthacene-2-carboxamide tetracycline framework. Ethers are also considered derivatives. This subheading includes, inter alia, chlortetracycline (INN), erovacycline (INN), rotetracycline (INN). However, anthracyclines of the “rubicine” type, such as aclarubicin (INN) and doxorubicin (INN), are not considered tetracycline derivatives. Subheading 2941 40 Derivatives of chloramphenicol a are active antibiotics whose molecules contain N-(2-hydroxy-1-methyl-2-phenethyl)acetamide of the chloramphenicol framework. This subheading includes, inter alia, thiamphenicol (INN) and florfenicol (INN). However, cetophenicol (INN) does not fall into this category because it does not have antibiotic activity. Subheading 2941 50 Erythromycin derivatives are active antibiotics whose molecules contain the following constituent parts of the erythromycin framework: 13-ethyl-13-tridecanolin associated with dezosamine and mycarosis (or cladinose). Ethers are also considered derivatives. This subheading includes, inter alia, clarithromycin (INN) and dirithromycin (INN). However, azithromycin (INN), which contains a 15-atomic central ring, and picromycin, which contains neither cladinose nor mycarosis, are not considered erythromycin derivatives.

Notes

Machine translation. The original is the Russian text of the EAEU tariff, and customs goes by it; this translation is for understanding only and has no legal force.

1. Unless otherwise specified in the context, the headings of this chapter include only:

(a) individual organic compounds of a particular chemical composition, whether or not containing impurities;

(b) mixtures of two or more isomers of the same organic compound (containing or not containing impurities), except for mixtures of isomers of acyclic hydrocarbons (but not stereoisomers), saturated or unsaturated (Chapter 27);

(c) products of headings 2936 to 2939 or simple esters of sugars, acetals of sugars, esters of sugars and their salts, of heading 2940, or products of heading 2941, whether chemically defined or indefinite;

(d) products referred to in points (a), (b) or (c) above dissolved in water;

(e) products referred to in points (a), (b) or (c) above dissolved in other solvents, provided that dissolution is the usual and necessary method used solely for the preservation or transportation of these products, and that the solvent does not render the product suitable for a specific application other than conventional use;

(f) products referred to in points (a), (b), (c), (d) or (e) above, with the addition of a stabilizing substance (including an anti-traceability agent) necessary for their preservation or transport;

(g) products referred to in points (a), (b), (c), (d), (e) or (f) above, with the addition of an anti-dust agent or a coloring or fragrant substance or emetic to facilitate their identification or for safety purposes, provided that these additives do not make the product suitable for a specific use other than traditional use;

(h) the following products diluted to a standard concentration for the production of azo dyes: diazonium salts, substances reacting with these salts, diazotizing amines and their salts.

2. This group does not include:

(a) the goods of heading 1504 or of raw glycerol of heading 1520;

(b) ethyl alcohol (heading 2207 or 2208);

(c) methane or propane (heading 2711);

(d) the carbon compounds referred to in Note 2 to Chapter 28;

(e) immunological products of heading 3002;

(f) urea (heading 3102 or 3105);

(g) dyes of vegetable or animal origin (heading 3203), synthetic organic dyes, synthetic organic products used as optical bleaches or phosphors (heading 3204), or dyes or other dyes packaged in molds or packages for retail sale (heading 3212);

(h) enzymes (heading 3507);

(ij) metaldehyde, hexamethylenetetramine or similar substances, packaged in moulds (e.g. tablets, sticks or similar forms) intended for use as fuel, or liquid or liquefied gaseous fuel in containers of not more than 300 cm in capacity, used for filling or refilling cigarette or similar lighters (heading 3606);

(k) products supplied as fire extinguishing charges or grenades for extinguishing fires of heading 3813; ink stain removal preparations packaged for retail sale of heading 3824; or

(l) optical elements, for example of ethylenediamintartrate (heading 9001).

3. Goods which may be included in two or more headings of this Chapter are classified in the heading, the latter in ascending order of the codes in this Chapter of the Nomenclature.

4. For the purposes of headings 2904 to 2906, 2908 to 2911 and 2913 to 2920, any reference to halogenated, sulfonated, nitrated or nitrosed derivatives also applies to mixed derivatives such as sulfohalogenated, nitrohalogenated, nitrosulfonated or nitrosulfohalogenated derivatives.

For the purposes of heading 2929, nitrogen or nitrozo groups are not regarded as nitrogen-containing functional groups.

For the purposes of headings 2911, 2912, 2914, 2918 and 2922, the term “oxygen-containing functional group” means that the characteristic organic oxygen-containing groups of these headings are limited to the oxygen-containing functional groups referred to in headings 2905 to 2920.

5. (A) Esters of organic compounds with acidic functional groups of subgroups I to VII with organic compounds of the same subgroups shall be included with that of them which falls in the heading last in ascending order of codes in these subgroups of the Nomenclature.

(B) Ethyl alcohol esters with organic compounds with acid functional groups of subgroups I to VII are to be classified in the same headings as the corresponding organic compounds with acid functional groups.

(C) Subject to note 1 to section VI and note 2 to chapter 28:

(1) Inorganic salts of organic compounds, such as compounds with acidic, phenolic or enolic functional groups, or organic bases of subgroups I to X or heading 2942, are to be classified in the headings for organic compounds;

(2) salts resulting from chemical reactions between organic compounds of subgroups I to X or heading 2942 are to be classified in the heading for the base or acid (including compounds with phenolic or enolic functional groups) from which these salts are formed, the latter in ascending order of the codes in the group; and

(3) Coordinating or complex compounds, other than substances of sub-group XI or heading 2941, are classified in the heading last in ascending order of the codes of Chapter 29, among those suitable for fragments formed by the "splitting" of all metal bonds other than metal-carbon bonds.

(D) Metal alcohols are to be classified in the same heading as the alcohols concerned, with the exception of ethanol (heading 2905).

(E) Carboxylic acid halides are to be classified in the same heading as the corresponding acids.

6. The compounds of headings 2930 and 2931 are organic compounds whose molecules, in addition to hydrogen, oxygen or nitrogen atoms, contain atoms of other nonmetals or metals (such as sulfur, arsenic or lead) directly bound to carbon atoms.

Headings 2930 (organic sulphur compounds) and 2931 (other organo-inorganic compounds) do not include sulfonated or halogenated derivatives (including complex derivatives) which, in addition to hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen, have only directly carbon-related sulphur or halogen atoms giving them the properties of sulfonated or halogenated derivatives (or complex derivatives).

7. Headings 2932 to 2934 do not include three-membered ring epoxides, ketone peroxides, cyclic polymers of aldehydes or thioaldehydes, anhydrides of polybasic carboxylic acids, cyclic esters of polyalcohols or phenols with polybasic acids or imides of polybasic acids.

These provisions are applicable only if heteroatom cycles are formed only as a result of the cyclization reaction or as a result of the reactions mentioned above.

8. In heading 2937:

(a) the term “hormones” covers release hormones or factors that stimulate hormone secretion, hormone inhibitors and hormone antagonists (antihormones);

(b) the term “mainly used as hormones” applies not only to hormone derivatives and their structural analogues used principally for hormonal action, but also to such derivatives and structural analogues as are used principally as intermediates in the synthesis of substances of this heading.

Subheading notes

English text as published in Annex I to Regulation (EU) 2021/1832 (Combined Nomenclature). The EAEU tariff and the EU nomenclature copy these notes from the same convention. For a Russian declaration the binding version is the Russian one: Annex to Decision No 80 of the EEC Council of 14 September 2021.

1. Within any one heading of this chapter, derivatives of a chemical compound (or group of chemical compounds) are to be classified in the same subheading as that compound (or group of compounds), provided that they are not more specifically covered by any other subheading and that there is no residual subheading named ‘Other’ in the series of subheadings concerned.

2. Note 3 to Chapter 29 does not apply to the subheadings of this chapter.

Additional notes of the Eurasian Economic Union

Machine translation. The original is the Russian text of the EAEU tariff, and customs goes by it; this translation is for understanding only and has no legal force.

1. Subheading 2901 10 000 1 covers ethane, butane and isobutane in the form of separate isomers of a purity of 95% or more. This percentage of compounds is calculated respectively by volume for gaseous products or by weight for liquefied products. Ethane, butane and isobutane having a lower degree of purity fall in heading 2711.

2. Subheading 2901 10 000 2 covers pentane and isopentane as separate isomers of a purity of 95 % or more by weight.