8443 39 31 — Printing machinery used for printing by means of plates, cylinders and other printing components of heading 8442; other printers, copying machines and facsimile machines, whether or not combined; parts and accessories thereof: other printers, copying machines and facsimile machines, whether or not combined: other: other copying machines: incorporating an optical system

8443 Printing machinery used for printing by means of plates, cylinders and other printing components of heading 8442; other printers, copying machines and facsimile machines, whether or not combined; parts and accessories thereof (+): – Printing machinery used for printing by means of plates, cylinders and other printing components of heading 8442: 8443 11 – – Offset printing machinery, reel-fed 8443 12 – – Offset printing machinery, sheet-fed, office type (using sheets with one side not exceeding 22 cm and the other side not exceeding 36 cm in the unfolded state) 8443 13 – – Other offset printing machinery 8443 14 – – Letterpress printing machinery, reel-fed, excluding flexographic printing 8443 15 – – Letterpress printing machinery, other than reel-fed, excluding flexographic printing 8443 16 – – Flexographic printing machinery 8443 17 – – Gravure printing machinery 8443 19 – – Other – Other printers, copying machines and facsimile machines, whether or not combined:

8443 31—Machines which perform two or more functions, such as printing, copying or facsimile transmission, capable of connection to a computer or to a network 8443 32—other capable of connection to a computer or to a network 8443 39—other parts and accessories: 8443 91—parts and accessories of printing presses used for printing by means of plates, cylinders and other printed forms of heading 8442 8443 99—other parts and accessories:

This heading covers (1) all printing machines used for printing by means of plates or cylinders of the preceding heading and (2) other printers, copiers and fax machines, whether combined or not. This heading includes machines for printing repetitive images, repetitive formulations or for multicolor printing on textile mater rial, wallpaper, wrapping paper, rubber, plastic sheets, linoleum, leather, etc.

(I) MACHINES PRINTED, USED FOR PRINTING PLATINS, CYLINDERS AND OTHER PRINTING FORMS 8442 The most common printing machines are rotary printing machines. The simplest printing machines of this kind usually consist of a cylinder with two semi-cylindrical plates (high-press printing machines), or cylinders, which can be applied to several printing roles (rot printing machines), and can be equipped with a number of printing presses (color printing machines for them). Since all the mechanisms for printing, contacting and printing ink are rotating, these printing presses can be used for both continuous and sheet printing, black or multiple inks on one or both sides of the paper. Rotary printing presses can be divided into two subcategories: (1) Rolled printing presses, among which some large rotary printing presses, with several printing nodes combined on a single wall, allow printing all the pages of a newspaper or periodical in one cycle of operations, so that then all the pages are moved, cut, false, selected, stapled and stacked with the help of various auxiliary machines working with the printing press. (2) Sheet printing presses, in which sheets are transported through printing mechanisms using clamping devices. In sheet printing presses there is a feeding device, one or more printing mechanisms and a mechanism for receiving sheets. The feeding device feeds the sheets from the pile, aligns and directs them to the printing mechanism. In the receiving mechanism, the printed sheets are placed in a pile. This category also includes printing presses using a movable press plate (or plate) and flat printing machines.

The printing machines referred to above (in particular, small and medium-sized rotary printing machines) may be equipped with several additional devices and attachments located next to the printing mechanism, which enable complex products (e.g., boxes, packages, labels, railway tickets) to be produced, starting from a reel of paper, in one continuous operating cycle. In addition to printing machines of the ordinary type, this heading also covers the following special machines: (i) Machines for printing on cans or other containers. (ii) Machines for printing watch dials or other articles of special shape. (iii) Machines for printing on corks, tubes, candles, etc. (iv) Machines for marking fabric. (v) Machines for printing signatures on book pages. (vi) Machines designed for numbering, dating, etc. (other than hand-operated devices for dating or similar stamps of heading 9611), working with stamps, bands bearing letters, figures, etc., whether or not inked. (vii) Certain small printing machines used in offices, working with printing type or by offset printing. It would be incorrect to classify such machines as "duplicating equipment" on the grounds that their operating principles and appearance are similar to those of duplicating machines. This category also includes machines for multicolour printing on a black-and-white image in the production of special art editions, playing cards, children's illustrations, etc.; printing is effected by means of stencils, the colour being applied by brushes, rollers or by spraying. The category of machines for printing repetitive images, words or multicolour designs on fabrics, wallpaper, wrapping paper, linoleum, leather, etc. includes the following machines: (1) Printing machines in which printing blocks with an engraved relief design are repeatedly pressed against the fabric, wallpaper, etc. passing through the machine, thus producing a continuous design; machines of the same type are also used for applying individual designs (e.g., on ties or handkerchiefs). (2) Roller printing calenders, generally consisting of a large central cylinder (pressure cylinder) around the periphery of which are arranged a number of engraved rollers, each with its own colour, a finishing roller, a doctor blade for removing ink from the non-printing areas, etc. (3) Stencil-printing machines. The material to be printed passes through the machine together with a stencil band, the ink being applied through the stencil. (4) Warp-printing machines, which print a pattern on the parallel stretched warp threads of the fabric before the threads are interwoven. (5) Yarn-printing machines. These machines produce colour effects on yarn (or sometimes on roving before it is twisted into yarn). (II) OTHER PRINTERS, COPYING MACHINES AND FACSIMILE MACHINES, WHETHER OR NOT COMBINED

This category includes (A) printers. This category includes apparatus for printing text, letter or images on an image medium other than those described in part (I) above. These devices receive data from various sources (for example, computers, desktop tablet scanners, networks). Most include memory to store this information. The articles of this heading may produce letters or images by means of laser, paintblast, matrix or thermal printing processes. There are two most common types of printers: (1) Electrostatic printers, which employ a process involving electrostatic charges, toner, and light. A light source (e.g., a laser, light-emitting diode (LED)) is used to discharge certain points on a positively charged photoconducting surface (usually a drum), leaving a positively charged image. The negatively charged toner is electrostatically attracted to the photoconducting surface, reproducing the original image. The toner is electrostatically transferred to a positive charge image medium that is greater than the charge of the photoconducting surface, and then the image is melted onto the image medium using pressure and elevated temperature. (2) Paint-blast printers. "" These machines place droplets of paint on a tubular medium to create an image. This heading covers printers presented separately for embedding in or connecting to other articles of the nomenclature (e.g. receiving printers of cash registers of heading 8470). (B) Copy machines. This category includes machines for making copies of original documents, such as: (1) Digital copying devices in which the original document is scanned and a photosensitive surface (e.g., a charge-coupled device (CCD) or a photodiode matrix) converts the optical image into digital encoded electrical signals that are stored in memory. Printers that operate on the same principle as the printers described in Part (II)(A) of this Explanation then use this information to produce the required number of copies. The original document needs to be scanned only once to produce multiple copies, since the digital representation of the image is stored in memory. Part (D) below describes such devices that have the ability to connect to a computer or network. (2) Photocopiers in which an optical image of the original document is projected onto a photosensitive surface for each copy. The most common types are: (a) Electrostatic photocopiers operating either by reproducing the original image directly to a copy (a direct process) or by reproducing the original image to a copy through an intermediate medium (an indirect process).

In a direct process, the optical image is projected onto a substrate (usually of paper) coated, for example, with zinc oxide or anthracene, charged with static electricity. After the hidden image is manifested with a powdered dye, it is fixed to the substrate by heat treatment. In an indirect process, an optical image is projected onto a drum (or plate) coated with selenium or other semiconducting in a still charged with static electricity. After the hidden image is manifested by a powdered dye, it is transferred to ordinary paper by applying an electrostatic field and fixed to paper by heat treatment. (b) Apparatuses using chemical emulsion coatings in which the light-sensitive surface consists of an emulsion typically containing silver salts or diazo compounds (the latter are designed to be exposed to high ultraviolet light). The processes of manifestation and printing vary according to the nature of the emulsion and the type of apparatus (wet or dry developers, heat treatment, ammonia vapors, transfer methods, etc.). This category also includes photocopyroshaft devices of contact type and devices of thermal copying. (C) Fax machines. Facsimile machines are designed to transmit or receive text or graphic images over a network and to print a copy of the text or graphic image of the original. Part (D) below describes such copying machines. (D) Combinations of printers and copy or fax machines. Machines that perform two or more functions, such as printing, copying, or facsimile transmission, are commonly referred to as multifunction machines. These machines have the ability to connect to a computer or network. The criterion “capable of being connected to a computer or network” is described in the explanatory note to the subheadings below. Subject to the general provisions relating to the classification of parts (see general provisions to section XVI), this heading also includes parts and accessories of machinery of that heading. These include, for example, machines (submitted separately or not) used as auxiliary equipment exclusively for working with printing presses and used during or after the printing operation to feed, move or further work with sheets or rolls of paper. Such machines, which are usually separated from the printing press itself, include: (1) Lifts of feet or kip and trays for papers, in which clean sheets are placed, ready for printing. (2) Automatic feeders used in sheet printing. They are designed to feed sheets one by one, equalizing them strictly in the center, in the printing press.

(3) Mechanisms of reception of sheets, similar in design to feeders, but used in the reverse process (i.e. reception and stacking of a pile of printed sheets). (4) Sorters who pick up and fold in the right order printed sheets of multi-page documents. (5) Machines for folding, applying glue, perforations and machines for fastening with wire brackets. They are often used in the processing of printed products, for folding and stitching or gluing printed pages (newspapers, brochures, periodicals, etc.). However, if they are designed not only for use with printing presses, they are not included in this heading (heading 8440 or 8441 as the case may be). (6) Machines for serial numbering, small auxiliary machines operating rollers with numbers. (7) Bronze printing machines. With the help of these machines, metal powder is applied to the sheets when they leave the printing press, in which they have already been treated with a substance for fixing the powder. This heading also includes drums and plates used in electrostatic photocopiers, guide rollers and installed oil supply systems.

The heading also excludes: (a) Blankets for offset cylinders and coverings of textile fabric, rubberised textile fabric, felt, rubber, etc. (classified according to their constituent material). (b) Machines for labelling bottles, cans, boxes, sacks or other containers, and wrapping equipment (heading 8422). (c) Machines with an auxiliary printing device, e.g., certain sack-filling equipment or packing machines (heading 84 22); certain machines for making up paper or paperboard (heading 8441). Printing devices presented separately are classified in this heading provided printing is effected by processes used in the machines of this heading. (d) "Anti-smudge" spraying installations (heading 8424). (e) Hectograph or stencil duplicating machines and addressing machines (heading 8472). (f) Apparatus for making masks (heading 8486). (g) Cameras for recording images of documents on microfilm, microfiche or other microforms (heading 9006). (h) Ordinary photographic printing frames (heading 9010). (ij) Drawing instruments of heading 9017. (k) Hand-operated label-embossing devices of heading 9611. Subheading Explanatory Notes. Subheadings 8443 11, 8443 12 and 8443 13 These subheadings cover printing machinery designed for printing by means of printing plates bearing a planographic image, not intaglio or relief printing (offset process). The formation of the image to be printed is based on the principle of mutual repulsion of water and fatty substances. The impression made on rotary machines is always obtained not by direct

contact between the printing medium and the material on which the printing is applied, and this uses an intermediate device in the form of a rubber cylinder, which is called "offset (rubber) canvas", from which the image is transferred to the material for printing. The equipment included in these subheadings is characterized by the presence of a “offset sheet” and a device designed for the continuous wetting of non-printable parts of a printed form attached to a metal cylinder. In offset printing machines, paper can be fed from rolls or sheets. Subheadings 8443 14 and 8443 15 High printing is the process by which ink is applied under pressure on a printed surface from raised parts of the font. The font consists of individual letters, lines or plates with an image, with all parts having the same height. However, these subheadings do not include flexographic printing equipment. Subheading 8443 16 Flexographic printing is a process in which the principle of high printing is used for the simplest works (printing on packages, forms, leaflets, etc.). In such machines, the printing plate is made of rubber or thermoplastic material and is attached directly to the printing cili of the indus. These machines are simpler and lighter in design than other printing machines, they print on continuous rolls of paper in one color or several colors using paints made on an alcohol basis or based on other volatile solvents. Subheading 8443 17 In the case of deep printing, paint shall accumulate in various volumes in places which have been engraved or etched and then be transferred under pressure to the printed surface. This type of printing is based on the engraving and etching of lines, on which lines of various depths are applied to a polished copper plate by an engraver or using acid etching with nano. The surface of the plate remains free of paint, which accumulates in the recesses in sufficient quantities to obtain an image. The principle of deep printing is similar to engraving and etching lines. Instead of the plate, a rotating cylinder is used. The image or signs shall be mechanically or photochemically transferred to a cylindrical surface having a galvanic coating of copper. Subheadings 8443 31 and 8443 32 The criterion "capable of being connected to a computer or a network" means that machines contain all the necessary components for connecting to a network or a computer, which can be accomplished by simply connecting a cable. The possibility of inserting an additional component (e.g., "maps") to enable the cable to be connected is not sufficient to satisfy the provisions of these subheadings. But the presence of a component to which the cable will be connected if it is impossible to make a connection (for example, if it is necessary to pre-install the switches in a certain position) is not a sufficient reason to exclude goods from these subheadings.

Notes

Machine translation. The original is the Russian text of the EAEU tariff, and customs goes by it; this translation is for understanding only and has no legal force.

1. This group does not include:

(a) millstones, grinding stones or other articles of Chapter 68;

(b) equipment or devices (e.g. pumps) of ceramic materials and ceramic parts of machinery or devices of any material (Chapter 69);

(c) laboratory glassware (heading 7017); equipment, devices or other articles for technical purposes or parts thereof of glass (heading 7019 or 7020);

(d) articles of heading 7321 or 7322 or similar articles of other base metals (Chapters 74 to 76 or 78 to 81);

(e) vacuum cleaners of heading 8508;

(f) electromechanical household appliances of heading 8509; digital cameras of heading 8525;

(g) radiators for articles of Section XVII; or

(h) manual mechanical brushes for floor cleaning, without engine (heading 9603).

2. Subject to the provisions of Note 3 to Section XVI and Note 11 to this Chapter, a machine or device which meets the description in one or more of headings 8401 to 8424 or heading 8486 and at the same time the description in one or more headings 8425 to 8480 is included in the relevant heading of the first series of headings or in heading 8486 as the case may be, and not in the second series.

(A) However, heading 8419 does not cover:

(i) seed germination equipment, incubators or brooders (heading 8436);

(ii) machinery for wetting grains (heading 8437);

(iii) diffusion apparatus for the extraction of sugary juice (heading 8438);

(iv) equipment for the heat treatment of textile yarn, textile materials or finished textile articles (heading 8451); or

machining equipment, assemblies or laboratory equipment in which temperature change, even if necessary, is an auxiliary process.

(B) Heading 8422 does not cover:

(i) sewing machines for sewing bags or similar packagings (heading 8452); or

(ii) office equipment of heading 8472.

(C) Heading 8424 does not cover:

(i) paint-blasting printing presses (heading 8443); or

(ii) water jet cutting machines (heading 8456).

3. A machine for processing any material which corresponds to the description of heading 8456 and simultaneously to the description of heading 8457 to 8461, 8464 or 8465 is classified in heading 8456.

4. Heading 8457 covers only metalworking machines other than lathes (including multipurpose lathes) which may perform different types of machining operations by:

(a) the automatic replacement of tools from a tool store or similar device in accordance with the processing program(s);

(b) the automatic application simultaneously or sequentially of different processing heads operating at a fixed workpiece (assembly single-position machines); or

(c) automatic movement of the workpiece to various processing heads (multi-position machines).

5. For the purposes of heading 8462, the term “longitudinal cutting line” for flat products means a process line consisting of a winder, a correct device, a longitudinal cutting device and a winder. The term “cross-cutting line” for flat products means a process line consisting of a unwinder, a correct device and a cutting device.

6. (A) For the purposes of heading 8471, the term “computers” means machines capable of:

(i) store the processing program or programs and at least the information currently necessary to execute the program;

(ii) be freely reprogrammable according to user requirements;

(iii) perform user-defined arithmetic calculations; and

(iv) perform, without human intervention, a processing program requiring the computer to modify its actions by making logical decisions during processing.

(B) Computing machines can be made in the form of systems consisting of a different number of individual blocks.

(C) Subject to the provisions of Notes (D) and (E) below, a block shall be treated as part of a computing system if it satisfies all of the following conditions:

(i) exclusively or principally used in a computing system;

(ii) is capable of being connected to the central processing unit either directly or through one or more other units; and

(iii) is capable of receiving or presenting information in such form (codes or signals) as may be used by the system.

Separately presented computer units are classified in heading 8471.

However, keyboards, X-Y-coordinate input devices and disk storage units which satisfy the conditions laid down in Notes (B) (ii) and (B) (iii) above are in all cases to be regarded as blocks of heading 8471.

(D) Heading 8471 does not cover the following devices, presented separately, even if they meet all the conditions of Note 6(C) above:

(i) printers, copiers, facsimile machines, combined or not;

(ii) apparatus for receiving or transmitting voice, images or other data, including apparatus for providing communications over a wired or wireless communication network (for example, on a local or wide area network);

(iii) loudspeakers and microphones;

(iv) television cameras, digital cameras and video recording cameras;

(v) monitors and projectors not combined with television reception equipment.

(E) Machines containing or working in conjunction with a computer and performing specific functions other than information processing are classified in the headings according to their specific functions or, if this is not possible, in the residual headings.

7. Heading 8482, inter alia, covers polished steel balls whose maximum and minimum diameter does not differ from the nominal diameter by more than 1% or by more than 0.05 mm, whichever is smaller. Other steel balls are classified in heading 7326.

8. A machine which is used for more than one purpose shall be classified as if its primary purpose were the only one.

Subject to the provisions of Note 2 to this Chapter and Note 3 to Section XVI, a machine whose primary purpose is not described in any heading or a machine in which none of its functions is primary is classified in heading 8479, unless the context otherwise provides. Heading 8479 also includes machinery for the manufacture of ropes or ropes (e.g. knitting machines) from metal wire, textile yarn or other materials or from a combination of such materials.

9. For the purposes of heading 8470, the term “pocket” applies only to devices not exceeding 170 x 100 x 45 mm.

10. For the purposes of heading 8485, the term additive manufacturing (also referred to as 3D printing) means the formation of physical objects based on a digital model by successively adding and layering, sealing and curing a material (e.g., metal, plastics or ceramics).

Subject to the provisions of Note 1 to Section XVI and Note 1 to Chapter 84, machines as described in heading 8485 are classified in that heading and no other heading of the Nomenclature.

11. (A) Notes 12(a) and 12(b) to Chapter 85 also apply to the terms “semiconductor devices” and “electronic integrated circuits”, respectively, as used in this note and in heading 8486. However, in this note and in heading 8486, the term "semiconductor devices" also applies to photosensitive semiconductor devices and LEDs.

(B) In this note and in heading 8486, the term “plane display panel production” covers the fabrication of a flat panel of substrates. It does not cover the production of glass or the installation of printed circuit boards or other electronic components on flat panels. The term "flat display panel" does not apply to cathode ray tube technology.

(C) Heading 8486 also includes machinery and apparatus used exclusively or principally for:

(i) producing or eliminating defects in masks and patterns;

assemblies of semiconductor devices or electronic integrated circuits;

(iii) lifting, manipulating, loading or unloading boules, plates, semiconductor devices, electronic integrated circuits and flat display panels.

(D) Subject to the provisions of Note 1 to Section XVI and Note 1 to Chapter 84, machinery meeting the description in heading 8486 is classified in this heading and in no other heading of the Nomenclature.

Subheading notes

English text as published in Annex I to Regulation (EU) 2021/1832 (Combined Nomenclature). The EAEU tariff and the EU nomenclature copy these notes from the same convention. For a Russian declaration the binding version is the Russian one: Annex to Decision No 80 of the EEC Council of 14 September 2021.

1. For the purposes of subheading 8465 20, the term ‘machining centres’ applies only to machine-tools for working wood, cork, bone, hard rubber, hard plastics or similar hard materials, which can carry out different types of machining operations by automatic tool change from a magazine or the like in conformity with a machining programme.

2. For the purposes of subheading 8471 49, the term ‘systems’ means automatic data-processing machines whose units satisfy the conditions laid down in note 6(C) to Chapter 84 and which comprise at least a central processing unit, one input unit (for example, a keyboard or a scanner), and one output unit (for example, a visual display unit or a printer).

3. For the purposes of subheading 8481 20, the expression ‘valves for oleohydraulic or pneumatic transmissions’ means valves which are used specifically in the transmission of ‘fluid power’ in a hydraulic or pneumatic system, where the energy source is supplied in the form of pressurized fluids (liquid or gas). These valves may be of any type (for example, pressure-reducing type, check type). Subheading 8481 20 takes precedence over all other subheadings of heading 8481.

4. Subheading 8482 40 applies only to bearings with cylindrical rollers of a uniform diameter not exceeding 5 mm and having a length which is at least three times the diameter. The ends of the rollers may be rounded.

Additional notes

Machine translation. The original is the Russian text of the EAEU tariff, and customs goes by it; this translation is for understanding only and has no legal force.

1. For the purposes of subheadings 8407 10 and 8409 10, the term “aviation engines” shall apply only to engines intended for assembly with an air or rotor.

2. В подсубпозицию 8471 70 300 0 также включаются устройства считывания компакт-дисков, являющиеся запоминающими устройствами вычислительных машин, которые предназначены для считывания сигналов с CD-ROM, аудиокомпакт-дисков и фотокомпакт-дисков и снабжены разъемом для наушников, регулятором громкости или кнопкой пуск/стоп.

Additional notes of the Eurasian Economic Union

Machine translation. The original is the Russian text of the EAEU tariff, and customs goes by it; this translation is for understanding only and has no legal force.

1. For the purposes of subheading 8482 10 900 1, the term “gross mass” means the total mass of the goods with all kinds of packaging materials and packagings ensuring their safety during storage and transport. The total weight of the goods does not include the mass of packaging materials or containers that are clearly suitable for reuse.

2. For the purposes of subheading 8415 81 001 0, the term “special production facilities” means premises in which the maintenance of precise values of temperature and humidity is due to the operational requirements of the equipment installed therein, such as machines, computers, switching equipment, surgical equipment, etc., or to the operations performed therein.

3. In subheadings 8427 20 190 1, 8427 90 000 1 and 8436 80 100 1, the date of manufacture shall be determined on the basis of the technical documentation of the manufacturer (technical passport, instruction manual) and the manufacturer's plate, which shall be fixed in a conspicuous, easily accessible place of the machinery and shall not be replaced during operation. If the manufacturer's technical documentation and the manufacturer's plate contain conflicting information about the date of manufacture or there is no information about the manufacturer of the equipment on the date of manufacture, then this technique is considered a technique, since the release of which more than 3 years have passed.

If the manufacturer's information indicates only the year of manufacture, then the date of manufacture of the equipment is considered 1 July of the year of manufacture; if the month and year of manufacture are indicated, the date of manufacture is the 15th day of the month specified in the manufacturer's information.

4. For the purpose of classification of goods in subheading 8482 10 900 1 in the states, whose territories constitute the customs territory of the Eurasian Economic Union, when applying the term "French border of the country of importation", the country of import is understood as the customs territory of the Eurasian Economic Union.

5. For the purpose of subheading 8407 10 000 3, the term “take-off power” means the maximum power developed by an aircraft piston engine.

“Take-off power” is specified in the technical documentation and (or) accompanying documents, measured in kilowatts or horsepower (1 kW corresponds to 1.35962 hp).

6. В подсубпозиции 8421 99 000 5 термин «элементы мембранные рулонного типа для фильтрования или очистки жидкостей» означает устройства цилиндрической формы, состоящие из:

- internal plastic perforated tube on which spirally wound membrane bags;

- drainage material located between membrane bags and glued to them on three sides.

The membrane package consists of a twice folded band of membrane containing an extruded grid inside.

At the ends of the membrane roll-type element, fixing discs and sealing cuffs can be installed.

7. For the purposes of subheading 8415 20 000 2, the term “in a single enclosure” refers to air conditioning units (air conditioners) in which all the elements are combined in a single enclosure, frame or platform.

The term "in a single housing" also applies to air conditioning units (air conditioners) in which the refrigeration compressor, which is part of a given air conditioning unit (air conditioner), is located separately, that is, not combined with the rest of the elements in one housing, on one frame or on one platform.