8514 19 900 0 — Industrial or laboratory electric furnaces and ovens (including those functioning by induction or dielectric loss); industrial or laboratory equipment for the heat treatment of materials by induction or dielectric loss: resistance heated furnaces and ovens: other: other

8514 Industrial or laboratory electrical furnaces and chambers (including those based on the phenomenon of induction or dielectric loss); industrial or laboratory equipment for the thermal treatment of materials by the phenomenon of induction or dielectric loss: 8514 10 – furnaces and resistance chambers 8514 20 – furnaces and chambers acting on the phenomenon of induction or dielectric loss 8514 30 – furnaces and chambers other

8514 40 – Other equipment for the heat treatment of materials by induction or dielectric loss 8514 90 – Parts

This heading covers a number of machines, apparatuses and appliances of an industrial or laboratory type in which heat is supplied by electricity (for example, by heating a conductor by electric current; by an electric arc). This heading includes ovens and chambers operating on the basis of the phenomenon of induction or dielectric loss, and other industrial or laboratory equipment for the thermal treatment of materials by the phenomenon of induction or dielectric loss (for example, industrial microwave ovens and chambers and equipment). This heading does not cover household electrothermal appliances (heading 8516). Electrical furnaces and chambers (including industrial or laboratory-based electrical ovens and chambers) are basically a more or less enclosed space or chamber in which a relatively high temperature is obtained. They are used for many purposes (melting, annealing, vacation, enameling, welding, heat treatment of welds, etc.). The main types are muffle ovens, cap ovens, crucible ovens, tunnel ovens, etc. Some of these furnaces may have special exhaust devices, or O may have an internal vessel for treating metal in a medium of a particular gas to prevent oxidation. This category of furnaces and chambers includes the following types, inter alia: (A) Furnaces and resistance heating chambers, in which heat is generated by current passed through heating resistances. These heating elements (resistors) transfer heat to the raw material or charge by means of radiation and convection. (B) Resistance furnaces for heating metal bars or granular materials in which the resistor is a heated material. They are a housing in which electric current is passed through the material itself; the necessary heat is due to the electrical resistance of the material. (B) Resistance melt furnaces, which are baths with electrodes. When working in the bath, there is a metal melt, salt melt or a special oil, and the required temperature is maintained by a current passed through the melt using electrodes. The object heats up when immersed in a melt bath. (D) Electrolytic furnaces for melting or refining metals. They are also liquid resistance furnaces equipped with electrodes immersed in a bath with electrolyte melt. In the bath is placed metal-containing ore dissolved in a melt of salt. Electrolytic dissociation caused by the passage of electricity through the electrolyte and electrodes leads to the accumulation of pure molten metal at the cathode while removing the gas at the anode. (D) Low frequency and induction furnaces. In these furnaces, an iron-core primary coil through which a low-frequency alternating current is passed interacts with a heated magnetic field. This coil induces current in the charge, and the latter is heated. In some furnaces of this type of melt

It circulates from the main crucible through vertical loop-shaped pipes in which the primary circuits induce electric current for heating. (F) High-frequency induction furnaces: A high-frequency alternating current (usually radio-frequency) in a primary coil induces vortex currents in the charge. In this type of furnace, iron cores are not used. (G) Capacitive furnaces and dielectric heating chambers. The sieve, which must be non-conductive, is placed between two metal plates connected to an AC source. In fact, the device works as a capacitor, and the heating of the charge occurs as a result of dielectric losses. This includes industrial microwave ovens in which heated dielectric materials are exposed to electromagnetic waves. Due to dielectric losses, the wave energy is converted directly into heat in the entire mass of the material, providing very uniform heating. These furnaces are used for drying, defrosting, melting plastics, firing ceramics, etc. (H) Arc furnaces in which heat is generated by an electric arc between electrodes or between one electrode and a heated charge. Such furnaces are used for the production of pig iron processing, various ferroalloys, carbie and calcium, for the restoration of iron ore, the binding of free nitrogen of air, etc. Some low-temperature arc furnaces are also used for the distillation of substances with a relatively low boiling point (e.g. zinc or phosphorus); however, if they are equipped with capacitors for the collection of distillate, the whole unit is not included in this heading (heading 8419). (IJ) Infrared cameras heated by infrared lamps or emitting plates. Some types of furnaces or chambers use more than one heating method (e.g., high- and low-frequency induction or resistance for melting and heating metals, etc.; infrared and high-frequency confectionery ovens; infrared, resistive and dielectric capacitive ovens (microwave) for heating objects). The ovens and chambers covered in this heading include, inter alia: (1) Baking or confectionery ovens. (2) Ovens for the manufacture of dentures. (3) Cremation furnaces. (4) Waste incineration furnaces. (5) Stoves or chambers for annealing or tempering glass. This heading does not cover electrically heated equipment for drying, sterilization or similar purposes (heading 8419). (II) Industrial or laboratory equipment for thermal or dielectric heating (e.g., microwave equipment) is also included in this heading, even if not in the form of an oven or heating chamber. Such equipment (used mainly for heat treatment of small products) is electrical equipment for generating high-frequency oscillations, which is installed

with appropriate plates or coils, often of special design according to the particular articles to be heated. The heading includes, inter alia: (1) Induction coil machines for heating articles of materials which are good conductors of electricity by means of low, medium or high frequency currents (e.g., machines used for surface hardening crankshafts, cylinders, gear wheels or other metal articles; machines for melting, sintering, annealing, tempering or preheating metal assemblies of parts). (2) Machines with electrodes acting as capacitors (e.g., in the form of plates, rods) for dielectric (capacitive) heating of articles of materials which are either non-conductors or poor conductors of electricity, by means of high frequency currents (e.g., machines for drying wood; machines for preheating thermosetting moulding materials in the form of pellets or powder, etc.). There are a number of special types of equipment designed for the progressive heat treatment of bars passing through a coil, or for the repetitive heat treatment of a series of articles. Rotary converters and high frequency generators, when presented with the heat treatment equipment, are also classified in this heading. When presented separately, they fall in heading 8502 or 8543, as the case may be. However, induction heat treatment machines used for soldering or brazing metals, and dielectric loss heat treatment machines used for welding plastics or other materials (e.g., high frequency welding presses and high frequency seam welding machines), fall in heading 8515. Presses incorporating heating devices are also excluded from this heading (Chapter 84). The heading also covers furnaces and other apparatus specially designed for the separation by pyrometallurgical processes of spent nuclear fuel, apparatus for the treatment of radioactive waste (e.g., for firing ceramic materials or glass containing radioactive waste, or for incinerating graphite or radioactive filters) or furnaces for sintering or heat treating fissile material recovered from waste for reprocessing. However, apparatus for the separation of isotopes falls in heading 8401. PARTS Subject to the general provisions regarding the classification of parts (see the General Explanatory Note to Section XVI), parts of the goods of this heading are also classified in this heading (e.g., fittings, doors, inspection windows, panels and roofs, electrode holders and metal electrodes). The heading also excludes: (a) bricks, blocks and similar refractory or ceramic materials for the construction or lining of electric furnaces (Chapter 69); (b) electric furnaces and ovens for the manufacture of semiconductor wafers or flat panel displays (heading 8486); (c) electric heating resistors (heading 8516 or 8545, as the case may be); (d) electrodes of graphite or other carbon, with or without metal (heading 8545).

Notes

Machine translation. The original is the Russian text of the EAEU tariff, and customs goes by it; this translation is for understanding only and has no legal force.

1. This group does not include:

(a) blankets, mattresses, pillows, foot warmers, electrically heated or similar articles; clothing, shoes or headphones or other electrically heated articles used by a person;

(b) glass articles of heading 7011;

(c) machinery and apparatus of heading 8486;

(d) vacuum apparatus used in the medical, surgical, dental or veterinary fields of science (heading 9018); or

(e) Electrically heated furniture of Chapter 94.

2. Headings 8501 to 8504 do not cover the goods of heading 8511, 8512, 8540, 8541 or 8542.

However, mercury arc rectifiers with metal reservoirs are classified in heading 8504.

3. For the purposes of heading 8507, the term “electrical accumulators” applies to electric accumulators presented with additional components that contribute to the storage and supply of energy to the battery or protect it from damage, such as electrical connectors, thermostats (e.g., thermistors) and protective devices. They may also include a portion of the protective casing of the goods in which they will be used.

4. Heading 8509 covers only the following types of electromechanical machinery commonly used in household use:

(a) canvases, food grinders, mixers and juicers for fruits or vegetables of any mass;

(b) other machines weighing not more than 20 kg.

Однако данная товарная позиция не включает вентиляторы или вентиляционные или рециркуляционные вытяжные колпаки или шкафы с вентилятором, с фильтрами или без фильтров (товарная позиция 8414), центробежные сушилки для белья (товарная позиция 8421), посудомоечные машины (товарная позиция 8422), бытовые стиральные машины (товарная позиция 8450), валковые или другие гладильные машины (товарная позиция 8420 или 8451), швейные машины (товарная позиция 8452), электрические ножницы (товарная позиция 8467) или электронагревательные приборы (товарная позиция 8516).

5. For the purposes of heading 8517, the term “smartphones” means telephones for cellular communication networks equipped with a mobile operating system designed to perform computer functions, such as the downloading and simultaneous operation of several applications, including third-party applications, whether or not other components, such as digital cameras and navigation systems, are embedded therein.

6. In heading 8523:

(a) “solid state-of-the-art non-volatile storage devices” (e.g., “flash memory cards” or “electronic flash memory cards”) mean connector storage devices comprising one or more flash memory devices (e.g., “Flash ES ROMs”) in the form of integrated circuits installed on a printed circuit board. They may include an integrated circuit controller and discrete passive components such as capacitors and resistors.

(b) the term “smart cards” means cards that have one or more electronic integrated circuits (a microprocessor, randomly sampled memory (ROM) or permanent memory (ROM)) in the form of crystals. These cards may have contacts, a magnetic strip, or a built-in antenna, but they do not contain any other active or passive elements.

7. For the purposes of heading 8524, the expression “flat display panel modules” refers to display devices or apparatus equipped with at least a display screen which are designed to be incorporated into the articles of other headings before use. In shape, the display screens of such modules can be flat, curved, flexible, folding, stretching or other shapes. Flat display panel modules may include additional components, including those necessary for receiving video signals and distributing them across screen pixels. Heading 8524, however, does not include display modules equipped with components for converting video signals (e.g., a video format conversion integrated circuit, a decoder integrated circuit or an application processor) or otherwise having assumed the character of articles of other headings.

In classifying the flat panel modules referred to in this note, heading 8524 takes precedence over any other heading of the Nomenclature.

8. For the purposes of heading 8534, the term “printed circuits” means circuits made by forming on an insulating substrate by any printing process (e.g., electroplating, etching) or by “film” technology of conductors, contacts, or other printed elements (e.g., inductances, resistors, capacitors) individually or in a particular order, with the exception of elements which are capable of producing, straightening, modulating, or amplifying an electrical signal (e.g., semiconductor elements).

The term "printed circuits" does not include circuits combined with elements other than those obtained in the printing process, as well as individual discrete resistors, capacitors or inductors. Printed circuits, however, may be equipped with connecting elements manufactured by a technology other than printing.

Thin or thick-film circuits employing passive and active elements obtained in the same process are classified in heading 8542.

9. For the purposes of heading 8536, the term “connectors for fibers of optical, fiber-optic harnesses or cables” means connectors which simply mechanically connect the ends of optical fibers in a digital link system. They do not perform any other function, such as amplifying, restoring, or changing a signal.

10. Heading 8537 excludes wireless infrared devices for remote control of television receivers or other electrical equipment (heading 8543).

11. For the purposes of heading 8539, the expression “LED light sources” covers:

(a) "LED modules" are electric light sources based on LEDs connected in electrical circuits and containing additional components such as electrical, mechanical, thermal or optical elements. For supply or control of power, these modules also contain discrete active elements, discrete passive elements or articles of heading 8536 or 8542. LED modules (LED) are not equipped with a cap, facilitating installation or replacement in the lamp, and providing mechanical and electrical contact;

(b) "LED lamps" are electrical light sources containing one or more LED modules containing additional components such as electrical, mechanical, thermal or optical elements. The difference between LED modules (LED) and LED lamps (LED) is that the latter have a cap that facilitates installation or replacement in the lamp, and provides mechanical and electrical contact.

12. In headings 8541 and 8542:

(a) (i) “semiconductor devices” means semiconductor devices whose operation is based on a change in their resistance under the action of an electric field or semiconductor-based transducers.

Semiconductor devices may also comprise an assembly of multiple elements, regardless of whether the devices are provided with active and passive auxiliary functions or not.

For the purposes of this definition, “semiconductor-based transducers” are semiconductor-based sensors, semiconductor-based actuators, semiconductor-based resonators, and semiconductor-based generators that are varieties of discrete semiconductor-based devices that perform a given function and are capable of converting any physical or chemical phenomenon or effect into an electrical signal, or an electrical signal into some physical phenomenon or action.

All elements of transducers based on semiconductors are inextricably combined with each other, and can contain inseparably attached to them materials necessary for their design or functioning.

The following expressions have the following meanings:

(1) “semiconductor-based” means created or manufactured on a semiconductor substrate or made of semiconductor materials, in a semiconductor technology in which a semiconductor substrate or material plays an essential and irreplaceable role in the performance by a converter of its function, the operation of which is based on the properties of the semiconductor, including physical, electrical, chemical and optical properties;

(2) “physical or chemical phenomena” refers to phenomena such as pressure, acoustic waves, acceleration, vibration, motion, orientation, stress, magnetic field strength, electric field strength, light, radioactivity, humidity, flow rate, concentration of chemicals, etc.;

(3) "semiconductor-based sensor" is a type of semiconductor device consisting of microelectronic or mechanical structures that are created in the mass or on the surface of the semiconductor and having the function of determining the values of physical or chemical action and their conversion into electrical signals caused by a change in electrical properties or displacement of the mechanical structure.

(4) "semiconductor-based drive" is a type of semiconductor device consisting of microelectronic or mechanical structures that are created in the mass or on the surface of the semiconductor and having the function of converting electrical signals into physical motion;

(5) "semiconductor-based resonator" is a type of semiconductor device consisting of microelectronic or mechanical structures that are created in the mass or on the surface of the semiconductor, and having the function of generating mechanical or electrical oscillations of a given frequency, depending on the physical geometry of these structures responding to an external input signal;

(6) "semiconductor-based generator" is a type of semiconductor device consisting of microelectronic or mechanical structures that are created in the mass or on the surface of the semiconductor and having the function of generating mechanical or electrical oscillations of a given frequency, depending on the physical geometry of these structures;

(ii) "LEDs (LEDs)" are semiconductor devices based on semiconductor materials that convert electrical energy into visible, infrared or ultraviolet radiation, whether electrically connected or unconnected, combined with protective diodes or not combined. The LEDs of heading 8541 do not contain components intended to provide power supply or control power supply.

(b) "electronic integrated circuits":

(i) monolithic integrated circuits in which circuit elements (diodes, transistors, resistors, capacitors, inductances, etc.) are carried out in mass (mainly) and on the surface of a semiconductor or complex semiconductor material (for example, doped silicon, gallium arsenide, silicohermanium, indium phosphide) and are inseparably linked;

(ii) hybrid integrated circuits in which passive elements (resistors, capacitors, inductances, etc.) made by thin- or thick-film technology processes and active elements (diodes, transistors, monolithic integrated circuits, etc.) obtained by semiconductor technology processes are connected into a single inseparable whole by interconnections or connecting cables on a single insulating substrate (glass, ceramics, etc.). Such circuits may also contain discrete components;

(iii) multi-crystal integrated circuits consisting of two or more interconnected monolithic integrated circuits, inseparably combined into a single whole, located or not located on one or more insulating substrates, having or not having a frame with terminals, but containing no other active or passive elements;

(iv) multi-component integrated circuits consisting of one or more monolithic, hybrid or multi-crystal integrated circuits combined with at least one of the following components: silicon-based sensors, silicon-based actuators, silicon-based generators, silicon-based resonators or combinations thereof, or components performing the functions of articles classified in headings 8532, 8533, 8541, or inductors classified in heading 8504, inseparably combined in a single integrative form of a single integrated circuit, carried by means of a connection with a printed terminal or other terminal.

In this definition:

(1) “Components” may be discrete, produced independently, then installed on the rest of the multi-component integrated circuit, or integrated into other components;

(2) “Silicon-based” means that they are made on a silicon substrate, or are made of silicon, or are made on an integrated circuit chip;

(3)(a) “silicon-based sensors” consist of microelectronic or mechanical structures that are created in the mass or on the surface of the semiconductor and have the function of detecting physical or chemical phenomena and converting them into electrical signals caused by a change in electrical properties or displacement of the mechanical structure. “Physical or chemical phenomena” refer to phenomena such as pressure, acoustic waves, acceleration, vibration, motion, orientation, stress, magnetic field strength, electric field strength, light, radioactivity, humidity, flow rate, concentration of chemicals, etc.;

(b) “silicon-based actuators” consist of microelectronic and mechanical structures that are created in the mass or on the surface of the semiconductor and that have the function of converting electrical signals into physical motion;

(c) “silicon-based resonators” are components that consist of microelectronic or mechanical structures that are created in the mass or on the surface of a semiconductor and that have the function of generating mechanical or electrical oscillations of a given frequency depending on the physical geometry of these structures responding to an external input signal;

(d) “silicon-based generators” are active components that consist of microelectronic or mechanical structures that are created in the mass or on the surface of a semiconductor and that have the function of generating mechanical or electrical oscillations of a given frequency depending on the physical geometry of those structures.

In classifying the articles referred to in this note, headings 8541 and 8542 shall take precedence over any other heading of the Nomenclature which may include those articles in accordance with, in particular, their function, with the exception of heading 8523.

Subheading notes

English text as published in Annex I to Regulation (EU) 2021/1832 (Combined Nomenclature). The EAEU tariff and the EU nomenclature copy these notes from the same convention. For a Russian declaration the binding version is the Russian one: Annex to Decision No 80 of the EEC Council of 14 September 2021.

1. Subheading 8525 81 covers only high-speed television cameras, digital cameras and video camera recorders having one or more of the following characteristics: - writing speed exceeding 0,5 mm per microsecond; - time resolution 50 nanoseconds or less; - frame rate exceeding 225 000 frames per second.

2. In respect of subheading 8525 82, radiation-hardened or radiation-tolerant television cameras, digital cameras and video camera recorders are designed or shielded to enable operation in a high-radiation environment. These cameras are designed to withstand a total radiation dose of at least 50 × 103 Gy(silicon) (5 × 106 RAD (silicon)), without operational degradation.

3. Subheading 8525 83 covers night vision television cameras, digital cameras and video camera recorders which use a photocathode to convert available light to electrons, which can be amplified and converted to yield a visible image. This subheading excludes thermal imaging cameras (generally subheading 8525 89).

4. Subheading 8527 12 covers only cassette-players with built-in amplifier, without built-in loudspeaker, capable of operating without an external source of electric power and the dimensions of which do not exceed 170 mm × 100 mm × 45 mm.

5. For the purposes of subheadings 8549 11 to 8549 19, ‘spent primary cells, spent primary batteries and spent electric accumulators’ are those which are neither usable as such because of breakage, cutting-up, wear or other reasons, nor capable of being recharged.

Additional notes

Machine translation. The original is the Russian text of the EAEU tariff, and customs goes by it; this translation is for understanding only and has no legal force.

1. Subheadings 8519 20 100 0, 8519 30 000 0 and 8519 89 110 0 do not include sound-reproducing apparatus with a laser reading system.

2. Примечание к субпозиции 4 применимо при внесении соответствующих изменений к подсубпозициям 8519 81 150 0 и 8519 81 650.

3. For the purposes of subheadings 8528 71 150 0 and 8528 71 910 0 only, the term “modem” means devices or equipment which modulate outgoing and demodulate incoming signals, such as V.90 modems or cable modems and other devices which use similar technologies to access the Internet via WLAN, ISDN and Ethernet. Access to the Internet may be limited by the service provider.

The apparatus of these subheadings shall provide for a bidirectional communication process or a bidirectional flow of information in order to facilitate the interactive exchange of information.

Additional notes of the Eurasian Economic Union

Machine translation. The original is the Russian text of the EAEU tariff, and customs goes by it; this translation is for understanding only and has no legal force.

1. For the purposes of subheading 8542 31 100 1, the term “process not exceeding 32 nanometers” means a process for the manufacture of electronic integrated circuits in accordance with the technological standards of which the gates of the logical transistors of a microprocessor do not exceed 32 nanometers. Logical transistors are the main computational elements of a microprocessor that implement all arithmetic and logical operations. The gate is the control element of the transistor. Data on the technological process of manufacturing microprocessors are given in the manufacturer's technical documentation, which may be submitted by its authorized representative in the member states of the Eurasian Economic Union.

2. For the purposes of subheading 8535 90 000 1, the term “passage insulators” means devices attached to the flanges of the compartments of modules forming part of a complete switchgear of an elegasic unit (CSG) and intended to separate gas volumes between these compartments or to combine the various CSG modules into a single gas volume, as well as connections through the electrodes of conductors of the CSGM modules built into the passage insulators among themselves during the assembly of the CSGM. Passage insulators are gas dense and non-gas dense. With the help of gas-dense insulators, the gas volumes of KREE are separated. With the help of non-gas-dense insulators, various CSRE modules are combined into one gas volume. Passage insulators consist of a flange ring, a cast insulator and electrodes poured into the insulator.